Multifunctional surface-active polymeric composites are
attractive
materials for the adsorption of various small molecules. Herein, dual-functionalized
micron-sized surface-active composite polymer particles were prepared
by a three-step process for CO2 adsorption. First, polystyrene
(PS) seed particles were prepared via the dispersion polymerization
of styrene. PS/P(MMA-AAm-EGDMA) composite polymer particles were then
synthesized by aqueous seeded copolymerization of methyl methacrylate
(MMA) and acrylamide (AAm) in the presence of an ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
(EGDMA) cross-linker. Finally, the amide moieties of PS/P(MMA-AAm-EGDMA)
composite particles were converted into an amine-functionalized composite
by using the Hofmann degradation reaction. The presence of primary
amine groups on the surface of aminated composite particles was confirmed
by some conventional chemical routes, such as diazotization and Schiff’s
base formation reactions. The formation and functionality of the PS
seed, PS/P(MMA-AAm-EGDMA), and aminated PS/P(MMA-AAm-EGDMA) composite
polymer particles were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectra analyses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed
spherical shape, size, and surface morphologies of the PS seed, reference
composite, and aminated composites. The elemental surface compositions,
surface porosity, pore volume, pore diameter, and surface area of
both composite particles were evaluated by energy-dispersive X-ray
(EDX) mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) analyses. Dynamic
light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential measurements confirmed
the pH-dependent surface properties of the functionalized particles.
The amount of the adsorbed anionic emulsifier, sodium dodecyl sulfate
(SDS), on the surface of aminated PS/P(MMA-AAm-EGDMA) is higher at
pH 4 than that at pH 10. A vice versa result was found in the case
of cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTABr),
adsorption. Synthesized aminated composite particles were used as
an adsorbent for CO2 adsorption via bubbling CO2 in an aqueous medium. The changes in dispersion pH were monitored
continuously during the adsorption of CO2 under various
conditions. The amount of CO2 adsorption by aminated composite
particles was found to be 209 mg/g, which is almost double that of
reference composite particles.