Preparation of Malaria Resurgence in China

Zhang, Hongwei; Liu, Ying; Zhang, Shaosen; Xu, Bingying; Li, Weidong; Tang, Ji-Hai; Zhou, Shui-Sen; Huang, Fang

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800869-0.00008-1

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This finding indicated that geographical proximity between Myanmar and Yunnan China border which showed that vector dynamic and/or human motility might have been important contributing factors in malaria parasite transmission and degree of endemicity [ 28 ]. In recent years, malaria transmission has been controlled in a very low level in Anhui province, China and these cases collected here from Bengbu city were localized sporadic malaria cases [ 29 ]. These results are consistent with previous studies that genetic diversity of the malaria parasites has been shown to be associated with the levels of endemicity and transmission intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Natural Selection in 42 kDa Region of Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-1 from China-Myanmar Endemic Border

Zhou

Tambo

et al. 2017

Korean J Parasitol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Natural Selection in 42 kDa Region of Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-1 from China-Myanmar Endemic Border

Zhou

Tambo

et al. 2017

Korean J Parasitol

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“…Another issue is the risk of malaria re-introduction due to importation, which has been identified in China and elsewhere, for example in Greece [ 10 , 11 ]. The re-emergence of imported malaria in central China worsened between 2000 and 2009 as the total malaria incidence rate reached a peak of 5.9/100,000 population up from 1/100,000 [ 12 , 13 ]. Thus far the risk of imported malaria from other endemic settings continued to increase and this is a major challenge for malaria elimination in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of imported malaria in China 2010–2014: analysis of surveillance data

Zhou

Cotter

et al. 2016

Malar J

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BackgroundTo describe the epidemiologic profile and trends of imported malaria, and to identify the populations at risk of malaria in China during 2010–2014.MethodsThis is a descriptive analysis of laboratory confirmed malaria cases during 2010–2014. Data were obtained from surveillance reports in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). The distribution of imported malaria cases over the years was analysed with X2 for trend analysis test. All important demographic and epidemiologic variables of imported malaria cases were analysed.ResultsMalaria incidence in general reduced greatly in China, while the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum increased threefold from 0.08 to 0.21 per 100,000 population during the period 2010–2014. Of a total 17,725 malaria cases reported during the study period, 11,331 (64 %) were imported malaria and included an increasing trend: 292 (6 %), 2103 (63 %), 2151 (84 %), 3881 (96 %), 2904 (97 %), respectively, (X2 = 2110.70, p < 0.01). The majority of malaria cases (imported and autochthonous) were adult (16,540, 93 %), male (15,643, 88 %), and farming as an occupation (11,808, 66 %). Some 3027 (94 %) of imported malaria cases had labour-related travel history during the study period; 90 % (6340/7034) of P. falciparum infections were imported into China from Africa, while 77 % of Plasmodium vivax infections (2440/3183) originated from Asia.ConclusionsMalaria elimination in China faces the challenge of imported malaria, especially imported P. falciparum. Malaria prevention activities should target exported labour groups given the increasing number of workers returning from overseas.

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“…Malaria had a wide geographical distribution in China but this has decreased dramatically due to the strengthening of malaria control measures in recent decades, especially in the Yunnan and Hainan provinces, and Huanghuai region [6–8]. No locally transmitted malaria cases have been reported since 2012, but imported malaria has increased remarkably in Henan, which may cause secondary spread and antimalarial drug resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged parasite clearance in a Chinese splenectomized patient with falciparum malaria imported from Nigeria

Zhang

et al. 2017

Infect Dis Poverty

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BackgroundThe spleen plays a pivotal role in the rapid clearance of parasitized red blood cells in patients with falciparum malaria after artemisinin treatment. Prolonged parasite clearance can be found in patients who have had a splenectomy, or those with hemoglobin abnormalities and/or reduced immunity, which are all distinguishable from artemisinin resistance. This paper reports on a case of prolonged parasite clearance in a Chinese splenectomized patient with falciparum malaria imported from Nigeria.Case presentationA 35-year-old Chinese male suffered 2 days of febrile illness after returning to Zhumadian city of Henan province from Nigeria on October 1, 2014. The main symptoms were febrile, including the highest axillary temperature of 40 °C, headache, and chills. A peripheral blood smear showed parasitemia (53 913 asexual parasites/μl) of Plasmodium falciparum. The patient had not used any chemoprophylaxis against malaria in Nigeria when he worked there as a construction worker between 2009 and 2014. The patient had three episodes of malaria in Nigeria and had a splenectomy due to a traffic accident 8 years ago from the time he was admitted to hospital. The patient was orally administrated a total of 320 mg/2.56 g dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 2 days and intravenously administrated a total of 3 000 mg artesunate for 18 days. The axillary temperature of the patient ranged between 37.0 and 37.7 °C from Day 0 to Day 3, and blood microscopy revealed falciparum malaria parasitemia (26 674 asexual parasites/μl) on Day 3. The patient was afebrile on Day 4, falciparum malaria parasitemia was continuously present and then gradually decreased on the next days, and was negative on Day 21. The patient was cured and left hospital on Day 24 after no plasmodium falciparum was found in the blood on Day 21 to Day 23. No mutation was found in the K13 propeller gene when compared with the PF3D7_1343700 K13 propeller gene reference sequence.ConclusionsThis is the first reported case in China of prolonged parasite clearance in a splenectomized patient with imported falciparum malaria. Artemisinin resistance should be distinguished when prolonged parasite clearance is found in a malaria patient who has had splenectomy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0259-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Preparation of Malaria Resurgence in China

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Genetic Diversity and Natural Selection in 42 kDa Region of Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-1 from China-Myanmar Endemic Border

Genetic Diversity and Natural Selection in 42 kDa Region of Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-1 from China-Myanmar Endemic Border

Trends of imported malaria in China 2010–2014: analysis of surveillance data

Prolonged parasite clearance in a Chinese splenectomized patient with falciparum malaria imported from Nigeria

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