Preparation of microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant and its effect on high impact polystyrene flame retardancy

Sun, Xiaoyan; Lu, Wangxing; Liu, Huimin; Deng, LiSha; Zhou, Ru; Liu, Lian X.; Shu, Chi-Min; Jiang, Juncheng

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2023.105766

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The FTIR spectra of SiO 2 , SiO 2 @Cu 2 O, and SCP are presented in Figure a. For SiO 2 , the peaks observed at 1095 and 806 cm –1 were assigned to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of Si–O–Si, − and the peaks at 3435 and 1640 cm –1 were attributed to the stretching vibrations of −OH. − Compared with the infrared absorption spectrum of SiO 2 , a notable absorption peak was visible in the SiO 2 @Cu 2 O FTIR spectrum at 615 cm –1 , corresponding to the shearing vibrational absorption peak of Cu–O. , With regard to SCP, signals at 1440, 1160, 916, and 741 cm –1 were associated with C–N, − PO, − P–N, − and P–C stretching vibrations, respectively. The comprehensive signals of SiO 2 , SiO 2 @Cu 2 O, and SCP provided clear evidence of the successful immobilization of Cu 2 O as well as the phosphorus and nitrogen elements on the surface of SiO 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Nanospheres toward Flame-Retardant, Mechanically Strong, and Low-Toxicity Epoxy Resins

Rao,

Liu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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To endow epoxy resins (EPs) with outstanding flame-retardant and smoke-inhibiting effects, a multifunctional nanoparticle (SCP) has been designed and prepared via a simple approach, wherein Cu 2 O, melamine, and phosphorus-containing flame retardants were successively deposited onto the surface of silica nanospheres. The incorporation of a low addition amount of 2 wt % SCP within the EP demonstrates a significant improvement in flame retardancy. This enhancement is evidenced by a notable increase in the limiting oxygen index to 29.2% and attainment of a V-1 rating in the vertical burning test, in contrast to the respective values of 23.8% and no rating for unmodified EP, respectively. Moreover, the total smoke production, peak of heat release rate, and peak production rate of CO of EP/SCP-2 during the cone calorimeter test decreased by 10.2%, 26.1%, and 37.0%, respectively. Besides, the incorporation of 2 wt % SCP also endows the EP composites with commendable mechanical properties and glass transition temperature (T g ), as evidenced by a 22.5% increase in impact strength, an 8.1% rise in tensile strength, and a 9.5% increase in T g , comparing with the unmodified EP. The flame-retardant mechanism analysis revealed that SCP functions within epoxy resin through both gas-phase and condensed-phase mechanisms. Overall, the proposed multifunctional nanoparticle strategy presents promising approaches for simultaneously enhancing the fire safety and mechanical performance of polymer materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Nanospheres toward Flame-Retardant, Mechanically Strong, and Low-Toxicity Epoxy Resins

Rao,

Liu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…However, it is becoming increasingly difficult for flame retardants containing only one flame retardant element to meet actual production requirements. Research has discovered that the combined effect of various flame retardant elements can better achieve flame retardancy and also improve the mechanical properties of the EP composites 19 – 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins

Zheng,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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A multi-element synergistic flame retardant with double-bond structure was synthesized and added to epoxy resin (EP) to obtain EP composites with high flame retardant and mechanical properties. The study demonstrated that the DOPO-KhCPA-5 composite, containing 5 wt% of DOPO, exhibits the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 32%, indicating a high resistance to combustion. Additionally, it successfully meets the UL-94 V-0 grade, indicating excellent self-extinguishing properties. The DOPO-KhCPA-5 compound exhibited a 48.7% decrease in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a 7.2% decrease in total heat release (THR) compared to pure EP. The inclusion of double-bonded architectures in the DOPO-KhCPA-5 composites led to a significant enhancement in both the tensile strength and tensile modulus. Specifically, the tensile strength increased by 38.5% and the tensile modulus by 57.9% compared to pure EP. This improvement can be attributed to the formation of a fully interpenetrating network of macromolecular chain structures by DOPO-KhCPA within the EP matrix. This network increased the entanglement between molecular chains, resulting in positive effects on the mechanical properties of the EP. Multi-element of DOPO-KhCPA exhibits a synergistic effect, providing condensed and noncombustible gas-phase flame retardancy. Additionally, the mechanical properties were improved with the introduction of flame retardants due to the good impact of double-bond cross-linking. The effectiveness of DOPO-KhCPA as an additive for developing high-performance EP with significant potential applications has been proven.

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“…In the flame-retardant(FR) modification of PET, a single FR element usually cannot meet the requirements for the FR properties of PET, so it is necessary to select a suitable FR system to jointly play a FR role to achieve a good FR effect. Ordinary FR systems include halogen/antimony synergism [ 31 ], phosphorus/halogen synergism [ 32 , 33 ], phosphorus/nitrogen synergism [ 34 ], phosphorus/phosphorus synergism [ 35 , 36 ], and nitrogen/phosphorus/silicon synergism [ 37 ], etc. The mechanism of these synergistic systems can be broadly categorized into two types: one is mainly flame retardant in the condensed-phase; the other type mainly plays a flame retardant role in the gas-phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus/Bromine Synergism Improved the Flame Retardancy of Polyethylene Terephthalate Foams

Du,

Zheng,

Xin

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foams have the characteristics of being lightweight and high strength, as well as offering good heat resistance, minimal water absorption, etc., and they have been widely used in the wind power field. In addition, they are being promisingly applied in automotive, rail, marine, construction, and other related fields. Therefore, the flame retardancy(FR) of PET foams is an issue that requires investigation. The addition of flame retardants would affect the chain extension reaction, viscoelasticity, and foamability of PET. In this study, zinc diethyl hypophosphite (ZDP) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were used to form a synergistic FR system, in which ZDP is an acid source and DBDPE is a gas source, and both of them synergistically produced an expanded carbon layer to improve the flame retardancy of PET foams. The ratio of ZDP and DBDPE is crucial for the carbon yield and the expansion and thermal stability of the char layers. At the ZDP/DBDPE ratios of 9/3 and 7/5, the thickness of the char layers is about 3–4 mm, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of FR modified PET are 32.7% and 33.6%, respectively, and the vertical combustion tests both reached the V-0 level. As for the extruded phosphorous/bromine synergism FR PET foams, ZDP/DBDPE ratios of 3:1 and 2:1 were applied. As a result, the vertical combustion grade of foamed specimens could still reach V-0 grade, and the LOI values are all over 27%, reaching the refractory grade.

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Preparation of microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant and its effect on high impact polystyrene flame retardancy

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Hierarchical Nanospheres toward Flame-Retardant, Mechanically Strong, and Low-Toxicity Epoxy Resins

Hierarchical Nanospheres toward Flame-Retardant, Mechanically Strong, and Low-Toxicity Epoxy Resins

A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins

Phosphorus/Bromine Synergism Improved the Flame Retardancy of Polyethylene Terephthalate Foams

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