Preparation of Micron-Scale Activated Carbon-Immobilized Bacteria for the Adsorption–Biodegradation of Diesel Oil

Abstract

This paper investigated the micron-scale activated carbon (MAC) immobilized diesel-oil-degrading bacteria (bio-MAC) used as remediation materials for the removal of diesel-oil-contaminated water. The high-efficiency indigenous diesel-oil-degrading bacteria were firstly screened and enriched, then the MAC was used as a diesel oil sorbent and biocarrier for the immobilization of degrading bacteria to prepare the bio-MAC material. The removal performance of the bio-MAC was evaluated via a comparison with the freely degrading bacteria and MAC. The SEM results demonstrated that the diesel-oil-degrading bacteria were effectively immobilized and grew well on the surfaces of MAC particles. The concentration of MAC significantly influenced the growth and activity (DHA and LPS) of immobilized bacteria, and the MAC addition of 3.0 g/L was proven to be an optimum amount for the preparation of bio-MAC. The high-throughput sequencing analysis further indicated that the bacteria immobilized on MAC showed higher abundance levels and diversities index values compared to freely suspended bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Bacillus and Microbacterium. The FTIR spectroscopy results showed that the bio-MAC could effectively degrade the aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkenes and aromatic compounds of diesel oil to carboxylic acids, esters, alcohols and other metabolites. When the concentration of diesel oil was 1 g/L, the removal efficiency for the diesel oil of bio-MAC reached 86.35% after 15 days, while only 23.82% and 70.97% of the diesel oil was removed using the same amount of free bacteria and MAC, respectively. The prepared bio-MAC showed a synergic effect of adsorption and biodegradation and efficiently removed diesel oil from wastewater.

Development and assessment of an immobilized bacterial alliance that efficiently degrades tylosin in wastewater

“…Furthermore, in immobilized carriers, these voids also transferred TYL to the interior, accelerating its degradation by the PLOS ONE bacterial alliance. Adsorption by immobilized carriers and biodegradation by the bacterial alliance synergistically worked together to promote and sustain TYL degradation [35] In short, immobilized carriers enabled physical adsorption and biodegradation to promote TYL degradation.…”

“…Activated carbon (AC) is an excellent adsorbent with stable chemical properties, multiple pore sizes, large specific surface area, and abundant functional groups [5,34]. Zhang et al used micron-sized AC to immobilize diesel-degrading bacteria and removed 86.35% diesel in 15 d [35].…”

Bioremediation of Contaminated Diesel and Bioelectricity Generation Using Marine Bacterial Consortium Integrated with Microbial Fuel Cell

“…The polyethylene foam was used as the floating part. To immobilize the bacteria consortium, 100 mL of active consortium in modified nutrient broth was added onto the graphite plate and allow to adsorb and immobilize for 30 h under room temperature [22]. The immobilized bacterial consortium on graphite surface was monitored by scanning electron microscopy as showed in Figure 2.…”

Assessing the efficacy of bio-composite starch/biochar based microbial fuel cell Pb(II) removal from contaminated seawater

“…To immobilize the bacterial consortium, 10 mL of the active consortium in modified nutrient broth was added to the starch/biochar composite. The mixture was allowed to adsorb and immobilize for 24 hr at room temperature [34].…”