“…Thickener method is the most effective and economical measure to solve this problem by adding the right amount of thickener to prevent the aggregation and settlement of inorganic salts due to the density difference, so that the water is evenly distributed and the contact area between inorganic salts and water is maximized as much as possible during solidication. By adding thickening agent, such as disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 23 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) [24][25][26] and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC), [27][28][29] it can successfully resolve the issue of hydrated salts' phase separation, and improve the nucleating agent's dispersion in hydrated salts. Thus, the subcooling is further reduced.…”