Preparation of monolithic polymer-magnetite nanoparticle composites into poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) tubes for uses in micro-bore HPLC separation and extraction of phosphorylated compounds

Current trends in the development of polymer‐based monolithic stationary phases

“…Several approaches have been developed for the enrichment of glycoproteins 101 or phosphoproteins 102 . Recently, preparation of a microbore monolithic column modified with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) was successfully applied to enrich phosphopeptides from a tryptic digest of β‐casein 46 . The column was prepared by the covalent attachment of amino‐modified MNPs to the polymer surface of generic GMA monolith.…”

“…45 Another way how to improve separation efficiency for small molecules is the development of polymer monolithic materials in combination with nanoparticles. 46 Several nanostructures have been used together with polymer monoliths during the last years including carbon nanotubes, 32,47 iron oxide nanoparticles, 48 and gold nanoparticles. 49,50 As is the case in the modification of polymer surface by MOFs, the incorporation of nanomaterials into polymer monoliths improves their separation efficiency.…”

“…However, due to the low column efficiency of parent monolith, this improvement is only incremental and generally happens with higher concentrations of incorporated nanomaterials. 47,48 Torres-Cartas et al 46 prepared a monolithic micro-column modified with magnetic nanoparticles and used the column to separate small phosphorylated compounds. The epoxy group of the generic GMA monolith was modified with magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with the amino group.…”

“…Reprinted with permission from Ref. [46] digest provided detection of only one phosphopeptide while the signals of non-phosphorylated peptides substantially decreased after enrichment and resulted in the detection of five phosphopeptides in the MS spectra.…”

Extraction and determination of tussilagone from Farfarae Flos with online solid‐phase extraction–high‐performance liquid chromatography using a homemade monolithic cartridge doped with porous organic cage material

“…A particle-packed SPE cartridge has the disadvantages of high pressure, low permeability, and slow mass transfer, which makes efficient washing difficult [5]. Compared to the particle-packed cartridge, a polymer monolithic cartridge is fabricated via in situ polymerization in a tube, which shows the advantages of low pressure, high permeability, fast mass transfer, and ease of washing [6,7]. Furthermore, much better properties can be found from polymer monolithic cartridges, such as adjustable interaction modes following different chemical groups and flexible porous structures [8,9].…”