Preparation of Nano‐DAAF Explosive with Improved Initiation Sensitivity

Abstract

3,3′‐diamino‐4,4′‐zoxyfurazan (DAAF) shows fascinating properties and can be practically applied in explosives and solid rocket propellants. Nano‐sized DAAF explosive particles were prepared by a low‐temperature and rapid crystallization process to improve energetic performance. The diameter and morphology of DAAF nanoparticles were characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Nano‐DAAF shows irregular spherical nano‐particles with the diameter ranging from 50 to 100 nm. The size and morphology of nano‐DAAF particles can be tuned by temperature difference and DAAF concentration of crystallization process. The thermal properties were also investigated by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For nano‐sized DAAF shows significantly decreased exothermal peak (259.3 °C) and enhanced energy release rate. Deflagration and short impulse shock waves experiments illustrated that nano‐DAAF explosive shows significantly improved initiation sensitivity compared to micro‐particles.

Development and Validation of HPLC Method for DAAF and its Applications in Quality Control and Environmental Monitoring

“…Refined DAAF was prepared by solvent/non‐solvent method with DMF as a solvent and water as a non‐solvent. Nano‐DAAF was prepared by rapid and low‐temperature crystallization process .…”

“…Insensitive energetic materials based on furazan have received much attention due to their favorable properties including high energy density, good safety, and high nitrogen content during the last decade . Recently, 3,3‐diamino‐4,4‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF) has been regarded as a promising energetic material shown in Figure , and widely studied to investigate its various properties for both civil and military applications. DAAF has good thermal stability, high positive enthalpy, and high density of active oxygen with a small critical diameter (<2 mm), high detonation velocity of 7.98 km s −1 and detonation pressure of 30.6 GPa at a density of 1.69 g cm −3 .…”

Superfine HMX Prepared by a Gas‐Solid Method with Reduced Sensitivity and Enhanced Mechanical Performance

“…Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) exhibits outstanding detonation velocities, detonation temperatures, detonation heats and detonation pressures compared with other energetic materials. Thus, it can be used as high-energy component in polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) [1] as well as high energy additives in composite propellants [2,3]. Yet, the safety issue plus the "dewetting" problem, occurring when exposed to thermal and mechanical stimuli, retard its further practical applications.…”

“…In the past decade, researchers investigated the relationship between explosive performances and microstructures such as particle size [4,5], shape, internal and external defects [6], and impurities [7]. As an inspiring fact, superfine explosives with smaller particle size possess better safety performance [8] and better mechanical property used in PBXs [9]. Up to now, lots of methods such as solvent-antisolvent recrystallization [5,[10][11][12], spray flash evaporation [13][14][15][16], rapid expansion of supercritical solution [17][18][19][20], sol-gel recrystallization [21], ball grinding milling [22,23], tiny grinding [24] and high speed impinging stream [25][26][27] have been used to prepare superfine HMX.…”

Self‐Assembly Method for Insensitive DAAF/FOX‐7 Composite Crystals with Microspheres Structure

“…[ 9,10 ] Meanwhile, DAAF has a smaller critical diameter (1.25 mm) and higher detonation pressure (31 GPa) than TATB. [ 11 ] More importantly, the synthetic process to DAAF is simpler, greener, and more eco‐friendly than TATB. Therefore, it is expected that DAAF can be used in place of TATB as a new insensitive explosive.…”