Preparation of nanocellulose and lignin-carbohydrate complex composite biological carriers and culture of heart coronary artery endothelial cells

Understanding Nanocellulose–Water Interactions: Turning a Detriment into an Asset

“…As a result, nanocellulose has been applied in biomedical fields, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering (Figure a,b). ,,− In particular, nanocellulose-based hydrogels have attracted enormous interests to be utilized as a biocompatible substrate via different engineering technologies due to structural similarity with collagen. , A large category of these systems are the hybrid hydrogels of nanocellulose and hydrophilic natural polymers such as hemicelluloses, − pectins, − lignin, ,− chitosan, − alginate, ,,− and gelatin. ,− Whereas CNCs have been mostly used in hybrid hydrogels (Figure 10b), CNFs find wide-reaching applications as single-component systems, especially in the biomedical realm covering cell cultures, drug release, tissue engineering, and wound healing. , Their high water content is an essential prerequisite for biocompatibility, and their nanostructure, porosity, and tunable mechanical properties can offer a biomimetic environment for cell immobilization and cell support. , Moreover, network flexibility, porosity, and water content enable diffusivity, i.e., the uptake, transport, and release of low- and high-molecular-weight compounds, as exploited in controlled drug delivery (…”

On the toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils in animal and cellular models

“…Currently, there is high interest from academia and industry on technological discoveries and developments about nanocellulose, being its extraction from biomass and its possible applications in various fields commonly addressed (Phanthong et al 2018;Ribeiro et al 2019). There is a growing number of publications describing the preparation of various forms of nanocellulose such as suspensions, water-dispersible powders, films or nanopapers, hydrogels, and aerogels (Kargarzadeh et al 2018) and their applications in hybrid composite materials (Islam et al 2018), as drug delivery systems (Ching et al 2019;Li et al 2019), as food additives (Aaen et al 2019;Alzate-Arbeláez et al 2019), in biocompatible scaffolds for cell culture (Ojansivu et al 2019; and in tissue engineering (Luo et al 2019;Zhao et al 2019) among others.…”

A review on cationic starch and nanocellulose as paper coating components

“…Recent research has proposed other promising nanoscale cellulosic materials. For instance, a nanocellulose film coated with a lignincarbohydrate complex was investigated for biomedical applications, as a biological carrier for the heart coronary artery endothelial cells [157]. Nanocelluloses can also replace, to a certain extent, carbon black from rubber in tires [158].…”