Preparation of O/W nano-emulsion containing nettle and fenugreek extract and cumin essential oil for evaluating antidiabetic properties

Abstract

The oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsion (NE) is expanded to enhance the bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds. The NE can be prepared by herbal extract and essential oil as herbal medicines for antidiabetic treatment. In the present study, the O/W NE was prepared by fenugreek extract (FE), nettle extract (NE), and cumin essential oil (CEO) using tween 80 and span 80 surfactants in an ultrasonic bath, at room temperature within 18 min. The antidiabetic property was evaluated by determining glucose absorption using cultured rat L6 myoblast cell line (L6) myotubes and insulin secretion using the cultured mouse pancreatic beta-cell (RIN-5) for NEs. The samples were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to examine the size distribution and size, zeta potential for the charge determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate morphology and size. The rheological properties were studied by viscosity. The sample stability was evaluated at different temperatures and days by DLS and SEM analyses. The cytotoxicity of samples was explored by MTT assay for HEK293 human cell line as a specific cell line originally derived from human embryonic kidney cells at three different concentrations for three periods of time. The NEs with nanometer-size were observed with antidiabetic properties, low cytotoxicity, and suitable stability. This study provides definitive evidence for the NE as a plant medicine with antidiabetic properties. The NE can be a good candidate for biomedical applications.

The multifaceted potential of fenugreek seeds: From health benefits to food and nanotechnology applications

“…The study's findings offer unmistakable proof that NE is a plant medication with antidiabetic effects. A strong candidate for biomedical applications is the NE (Javadi et al., 2021 ).…”

Medicinal Plant Enriched Metal Nanoparticles and Nanoemulsion for Inflammation Treatment: A Narrative Review on Current Status and Future Perspective

“…In three different types of nanoemulsion, the o/w type nanoemulsion consists of the water phase and oil phase. Then, surfactants are used for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts which stabilize the droplet emulsion and prevent phase separation [9,10]. Due to the low energy requirements, easy processing, low cost, and small droplets, the ultrasonic homogenizers method is commonly used for the synthesis of nanoemulsion.…”

An Overview of Herbal-Based Antidiabetic Drug Delivery Systems: Focus on Lipid- and Inorganic-Based Nanoformulations

“…This resulted in a significant blood glucose-lowering effect by NEs compared with free α-eleostearic acid, and the increased stability of α-eleostearic in nanoemulsions at the end of the 12-week storage period was observed [ 172 ]. Recently, Javadi et al showed that plant extract (fenugreek extract, nettle extract, and cumin essential oil)-loaded NEs had suitable stability, and a study on L6 cells demonstrated that plant extract-NEs could diminish blood sugar [ 224 ]. In another study, the Abelmoschus esculentus ethanolic extract nanoemulsion was prepared and orally administered to diabetic mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight for 14 days.…”