Preparation of phytol-loaded nanoemulsion and screening for antioxidant capacity

Abstract

The study prepared a nanoemulsion with a diterpenoid isoprenoid alcohol called phytol (PYT) and subsequently tested it for antioxidant capacity. For this, PYT-loaded nanoemulsion was prepared by phase inversion method and both PYT-containing nanoemulsion (PNE) and PYT-free nanoemulsion (PFNE) (2-16 µM) were tested for antiradical activity (DPPH•: 1,1-dipheny-picrylhydrazyl radical; ABTS•+: azino-bisethylbenzthiazoline-sulfonic acid; •OH: hydroxyl radical scavenging; NO•: nitrite oxide radical), lipid peroxidation (LP), reduction potential (RP), and inhibition of hemolysis (HL) in rat erythrocytes in comparison with an α-tocopherol analogue (Trolox -TRO -positive control). In addition, an in vivo test was performed with wildtype and deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as a stressor. Results suggest that PNE exhibited higher antioxidant than the PFNE. Increasing doses reveled antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. In the S. cerevisiae study, both PFNEand PNE-treated groups exhibited decreased rates of survival with the highest doses, whichever in the presence of stressor increased the survival rates, which indicates antioxidative defense capacity of PYT. In this occasion, PNE exhibited prominent antioxidative defense in the presence of stressor rather than PFNE. In conclusion, PYT exhibited potential antioxidant activity but at high concentration it was toxic to the yeast cells. The production of PYT-nanoemulsions may be relevant to the pharmaceutical sciences.

Phytochemical information and pharmacological activities of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A literature‐based review

“…There are reports that demonstrate that these types of compounds are strong antioxidants and can protect animal organs (Islam, Streck, et al, ). Therefore, the free radicals and ROS scavenging, and ferric reducing capacity (Ansari et al, ; Doreddula et al, ; Khomsug et al, ; Liao, Liu, & Yuan, ) along with the increase in physiological antioxidants (e.g., SOD, CAT, GPx, glutathione) (Sabitha, Ramachandran, Naveen, & Panneerselvam, ; Xia et al, ) may be due to the presence of the antioxidant vitamins and phytochonstituents.…”

Diterpenes as lead molecules against neglected tropical diseases

“…It is evident that diterpenes have both cytoprotective and cytotoxic activities (Islam et al, 2016d). Interestingly, both of these activities may be linked to their potential antioxidant property (Islam et al, 2016d).…”

“…It is evident that diterpenes have both cytoprotective and cytotoxic activities (Islam et al, 2016d). Interestingly, both of these activities may be linked to their potential antioxidant property (Islam et al, 2016d). During the study of antioxidant activity, the major concerns are as follows: (a) number of reactive species and antioxidant molecules (interior/exterior regions); (b) physicochemical nature, especially the membrane permeability of the antioxidant molecules; (c) effects on body antioxidant systems; and (d) fate and effects of antioxidant residues.…”

Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory capacities and a possible anti-atherothrombosis activity of the methanol leaf extract of Clerodenrum viscosum.

“…The test for DPPH scavenging activity was done by using a modified method described by Islam et al [1]. Briefly, 0.3 mL of sample was added to a 2.7 mL of ethanolic solution of DPPH (0.5 mM).…”

“…At present, thousands of plant metabolites are being successfully used in the treatment of a variety of diseases. According to an estimate, 80% of the world"s population is found to rely upon plants for medication [1]. For example, more than 47% of all drugs, used in Russia is obtained from plant sources [2].…”