Preparation of PMMA grafted calcium carbonate whiskers and its reinforcement effect in PVC

Abstract

In this study, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) whiskers were grafted with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by in situ emulsion polymerization using γ‐methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (γ‐MPS) as a coupling agent, and the properties of resultant whisker were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that PMMA has been successfully grafted onto the surface of CaCO3 whiskers and the maximum grafting degree (Gd) is 3.75%. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the tensile‐fractured surfaces show that modified CaCO3 whiskers have strong interfacial adhesion to the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. The tensile strength increases from 44.0 MPa for PVC composite with unmodified whisker to 49.5 MPa for that with grafted whisker. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and TGA results indicate that the composites reinforced by modified CaCO3 whiskers have much higher modulus, glass transition temperature, and better thermal stability than their counterparts reinforced by unmodified CaCO3 whiskers. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2753–2761, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Synthesis of new polyether titanate coupling agents with different polyethyleneglycol segment lengths and their compatibilization in calcium sulfate whisker/poly(vinyl chloride) composites

“…[31][32][33] Recently, Yuan and Cui et al found that CSWs coated by crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or chitosan (CS) greatly improved the tensile and impact properties of CSW/PVC composites, which could be attributed to the good affinity between PVC and PVA or CS molecules coated on the surface of CSWs. 17,23,[34][35][36] Coupling agents are usually used to modify the inorganic llers to improve their interfacial strength with polymers, 37,38 and the most commonly used coupling agents for this purpose include silane coupling agents, 39,40 titanate coupling agents 41,42 and fatty acids. 43 Monte and Sugerman…”

Effects of inorganic‐organic surface modification on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(vinyl chloride) composites reinforced with fly‐ash

“…PVC composites were prepared as described previously. [6][7][8][9] Briefly, PVC resin (100 phr) was combined with a certain amount of FA or modified FA (denoted as mFA) using organotin (2 phr) as a heat stabilizer and DOP (6 phr) as a plasticizer. After that, the mixture was stirred with GMS (0.6 phr), ACR (4 phr), and liquid paraffin (0.4 phr), and then transferred to a two-roll mill at 170 C for 10 minutes.…”

“…[4] The addition of inorganic fillers such as SiO 2 , CaSO 4 , CaCO 3 , and C-based fillers (eg, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide) is an effective method for improving the overall properties of PVC. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Fly ash (FA) is a reinforcing filler that can dramatically improve the impact and thermal resistance, as well as the modulus of PVC, owing to its beneficial characteristics such as heat resistance, excellent mechanical strength, resistance to chemical corrosion, low price, abundance and more importantly, ease of industrialization. [10][11][12][13] FA is the main solid waste discharged from the combustion of pulverized coal in thermal power plants, and it is now the largest single source of industrial solid waste.…”

Preparation of a Crosslinked Chitosan Coated Calcium Sulfate Whisker and Its Reinforcement in Polyvinyl Chloride

“…Interfacial interactions between matrix and filler are critical to the performance of polymer-based composites [10,11] . It is clear that a good interfacial adhesion allows an efficient stress transfer between matrix and fillers, which is helpful for the composites to absorb more energy and improve its mechanical properties [12] .…”