Preparation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropan sulfonic acid)‐g‐Carboxymethyl cellulose/Titanium dioxide hydrogels and modeling of their swelling capacity and mechanic strength behaviors by response surface method technique

Abstract

It is very important that new generation, unique, high mechanical strength, and biocompatible hydrogel composites are developed due to their potential to be used as biomaterials in the biomedical field. Modeling of the swelling capacity and mechanical strength behavior of hydrogels is a domain of steadily increasing academic and industrial importance. These behaviors are difficult to model accurately due to hydrogels show very complex behavior depending on the content. In this study, a series of poly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropan sulfonic acid)‐g‐carboxymethyl cellulose/TiO2 (poly(AAm‐co‐AMPS)‐g‐CMC/TiO2) superabsorbent hydrogel composites were prepared by free‐radical graft copolymerization in aqueous solution. Structural and surface morphology characterizations were conducted by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope analysis techniques. For modeling the equilibrium swelling capacity and fracture strength behaviors of hydrogels, the composition parameters (such as mole ratio of AMPS/AAm, wt% of CMC, and wt% of TiO2) was proposed by response surface method (RSM) Design Expert‐10 software. Statistical parameters showed that the RSM model has good performance in modeling the swelling capacity and mechanic fracture strength behaviors of poly(AAm‐co‐AMPS)‐g‐CMC/TiO2 hydrogel composites. According to the RSM model results, the maximum swelling capacity and fracture strength values were calculated as 270.39 g water/g polymer and 159.23 kPa, respectively.

Novel Trends in Hydrogel Development for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Composite hydrogels that include metal nanoparticles (NPs) and metal oxides are one of the most studied trends for the development of biomaterials, since these materials have beneficial properties, such as their ability to respond to physical stimuli (electrical, magnetic and light) and good antimicrobial activity [ 230 ]. Metallic nanoparticles mainly include noble metals such as silver (Ag) [ 231 ], gold (Au) [ 232 ] and platinum (Pt) [ 233 ], whereas metal oxide nanoparticles include titania (TiO 2 ) [ 234 ], iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 ) [ 235 ], zirconia (ZrO 2 ) [ 236 ], alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) [ 237 ] and zinc oxide (ZnO) [ 238 ]. The incorporation of noble metal NPs has indeed added advantageous functionality to hydrogels for biomedical applications.…”

Synthesis of drug carrier smart ferrogels and application of artificial neural network in modeling their doxorubicin release behavior under alternating magnetic fields

“…Hydrogels are soft, elastic, and flexible polymers that can swell at a very high rate without dissolving in an aqueous medium. 8,9 The high swelling ability provided by the hydrophilic groups in the structure of hydrogels helps them to show biocompatibility, possess similar properties as compositional and mechanical with the natural living tissue. 10,11 Drug release at the target tissue is achieved by biodegradation of injected hydrogels or swelling/deswelling of implanted hydrogels, and their viscoelastic nature minimizes damage to the host.…”

“…Hydrogels, which are crosslinked polymers, frequently studied in academic and industrial fields because they meet the requirements of smart drug delivery systems. Hydrogels are soft, elastic, and flexible polymers that can swell at a very high rate without dissolving in an aqueous medium 8,9 . The high swelling ability provided by the hydrophilic groups in the structure of hydrogels helps them to show biocompatibility, possess similar properties as compositional and mechanical with the natural living tissue 10,11 .…”

Strong and tough, pH sensible, interpenetrating network hydrogels based on gelatin and poly(methacrylic acid)

“…[ 4 ] Over the last decade, remarkable progress in the mechanical properties of hydrogels has been achieved by developing interpenetrating network hydrogels (IPN) based on different types of strengthening mechanisms, including double network hydrogels, [ 5 ] ionic bonded hydrogels, [ 6,7 ] hydrogen‐bonded hydrogels, [ 8 ] hydrophobically bonded hydrogels, [9 ] and nanocomposites. [ 10–13 ] Therefore, the introduction of secondary polymer network to form an IPN could be an efficient way to improve mechanical integrity and tailor the physicochemical properties of gelatin‐based hydrogels. [ 14–17 ] In addition, the combination of synthetic and natural polymers synergizes favorable properties of the single components into the resulting IPN, yielding hydrogels with improved mechanical and biological properties.…”