Preparation of poly (MAA)‐crosslinked pregelled starch graft copolymer and its application in waste water treatments

Abstract

Propelled starch (PG) was first crosslinked with epichlorohydrin to obtain insoluble crosslinked pregelled starch (CPS). The latter was graft copolymerized with different amounts of Methacrylic acid using potassium persulphate as initiator. This was done to obtain six levels of poly (MAA)-crosslinked pregelled starch graft copolymers (PMCPS) having different graft yields (expressed as meq COOH/100 g starch) with increasing order and designated as (PMCPS 1 to PMCPS 6). The latter copolymers were dispersed in aqueous solution of heavy metal ions (Cu 2þ , Pb 2þ , Cd 2þ , and Hg 2þ ) and filtered to form polymer-metal ions complex. Different factors affecting the heavy metal ions removal such as pH, extent of grafting, treatment time and starch dose were studied in detail. It was found from the obtained results that; the residual metal ions removal from their aqueous solutions increased with (a) increasing the extent of grafting of PMCPS i.e., from PMCPS 1 to PMCPS 6; (b) Increasing the pH of the metal ions solution complex from 1 to 8; (c) increasing the starch dosage from 0.25 to 2.0% (W/V), then leveled off thereafter, (d) increasing the time of the reaction up to 20 min then leveled off after that. On the other hand, Pb, Cd and Hg ions were also removed from their solutions with different extent. Furthermore, the prepared copolymer could be recovered by washing the metal ions from the complex with weak acid 1N HNO 3 (pH 2) and the metalbinding activity of the starch was slightly reduced by this process. Finally, the ability of PMCPS to remove three types of basic dyes from their solutions was also reported.

Synthesis, characterization, and enzymatic degradation of starch‐grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer films

“…Initiator ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is widely used in the grafting of vinyl monomer onto starch because of some advantages such as the simple mechanism of single electron transfer, formation of free radicals on the backbone polymer itself, production of pure graft copolymer, and ease of application at an ambient temperature in aqueous medium 14. There are many reports on starch‐grafted vinyl copolymers, such as starch‐ g ‐poly(methacrylic acid), starch‐ g ‐polystyrene, starch‐ g ‐polyacrylonitrile, starch‐ g ‐polymethacrylonitrile, and starch‐ g ‐polyacrylamide 15–19. Most of reports focused on the influence of reaction time, temperature, concentration of starch, vinyl monomer, and initiator on the GE and GP.…”

“…14 There are many reports on starch-grafted vinyl copolymers, such as starch-g-poly(methacrylic acid), starch-g-polystyrene, starch-g-polyacrylonitrile, starch-g-polymethacrylonitrile, and starch-g-polyacrylamide. [15][16][17][18][19] Most of reports focused on the influence of reaction time, temperature, concentration of starch, vinyl monomer, and initiator on the GE and GP. Still now, there are few investigations on the correlation of GP to various properties such as morphology, thermal stability, crystallization behavior, and biodegradability.…”

The use of polyethyleneglycolmethacrylate-co-vinylimidazole (PEGMA-co-VI) microspheres for the removal of nickel(II) and chromium(VI) ions

“…carrier matrix became important [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Chelating polymers have also been produced and used as adsorbents for removal of toxic heavy metal ions in recent years [1,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. These selective polymeric adsorbents have gained a growing interest since they are especially useful in the removal of heavy metal ions from waste water effluents and reuse of the adsorbent polymer and recovery of heavy metals are also possible.…”

Graft copolymer ofMoringaseed as remedial agent of industrial effluent

“…Removal of hexavalent chromium from tannery effluent Recently, a great deal of attention has been paid to develop cheaper and effective adsorbents containing natural polymers to overcome the non-biodegradability and high cost of the adsorbent resins. Among these, polysaccharides, such as chitin and chitosan (Ravi Kumar, 2000) cyclodextrin (Crini and Morcellet, 2002) as well as starch derivatives (Wurzburg, 1986) and (Mostafa et al, 2009) have shown their ability to remove heavy metal ions and dyes from aqueous solutions.…”