Preparation of polyanilines doped in mixed protonic acids: Their characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry

Chan, Hardy Sze On; Ho, P.‐T.; Khor, Eugene; Tan, Minyi; Tan, K. L.; Tan, B. T. G.; Lim, Yong

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(89)90630-9

Cited by 68 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In Figure 1(d), TGA and DTG traces of the PANI sample are presented. Thermal stability up to 300 C was exhibited by this sample which was higher than the degradation temperature reported for disordered samples (Chan et al, 1989). From the DTG traces, the presence of five-step mass loss (for the ordered PANI) was noticed.…”

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confidence: 85%

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Highly ordered polyaniline as an efficient dye remover

Chakraborty

Kothari

Nagarajan

2017

Adsorption Science & Technology

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Polyaniline was synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization procedure at room temperature employing hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as oxidant and ferrous chloride (FeCl 2 Á2H 2 O) and vanadyl sulphate (VOSO 4 ÁH 2 O) as co-catalysts, respectively. The obtained polymers were characterized by high resolution powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, UV-Visible, photoluminescence spectroscopy, thermogravimetric Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. Ordered arrangement indicative of semi-crystalline nature of polyaniline was evidenced from the presence of intense reflection at d ¼ 13.72 Å in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern followed by two lesser intense peaks at 4.61 and 3.47 Å . Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic results indicated the polyaniline to be emeraldine salt form. Fibrous morphology was observed in scanning electron microscope images. Nearly 93% of Methyl Orange dye was adsorbed in 30 min by the ordered polyaniline at room temperature. No significant difference in the crystallinity and/or ordering was noticed in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern after dye adsorption. The correlation between the ordered structure of polyaniline and its higher adsorption property derived in the current study has the potential to fabricate devices consisting polyaniline to detect dye molecules.

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confidence: 85%

“…The first step till 68 C might be due to the departure of moisture from the sample. Removal of the acid dopant and evolution of other thermolabile components (such as small oligomers) occurred in the second step spanning between 150 and 230 C Chan et al, 1989). In the third step (300-340 C), degradation of polymer took place.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly ordered polyaniline as an efficient dye remover

Chakraborty

Kothari

Nagarajan

2017

Adsorption Science & Technology

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“…However for processability, it is essential to investigate the influence of experimental variables such as temperature, pressure, voltage, etc., on chemical, electrical, electrochemical and optical properties of PANI. Studies on chemical stability of PANI due to the effect of thermal treatment have been reported [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Raman spectra of thermally treated PANI showed new bands probably related to cyclized phenazine-like structure due to cross-linking [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reaction with oxygen during heating was reportedly occurred, but its relative contribution to the observed spectral changes was not quantified. Although these investigations on chemical stability due to the effect of thermal treatment [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and also electrochemical stability due to the effect of electrochemical oxidation [15][16][17][18][19] have been reported, studies on the effect of thermal treatment on electrochemical stability are scarcely reported [20]. The thermal stability studies include thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, conductivity studies, solubility, spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of low temperature treatment on electrochemical activity of polyaniline

Mondal

Munichandraiah

2006

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…Incorporation of conducting polymer in to a host polymer substrate forming a blend, composite, or inter penetrated bulk network has been widely used as an approach to combine electrical conductivity with desirable physical properties of polymers [6,7]. PAN is considered as one of the most promising candidate/s for the fabrication of conductive blends/composites with industrially important classical polymers [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting polyaniline composites as microwave absorbers

et al. 2007

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Conducting polymers are excellent microwave absorbers and they show technological advantage when compared with inorganic electromagnetic absorbing materials, being light weight , easily processable , and the ability of changing the electromagnetic properties with nature and amount of dopants , synthesis conditions, etc. In this paper we report the synthesis , dielectric properties, and expected application of conducting composites based on polyaniline (PAN). Cyclohexanone soluble conducting PAN composites of microwave conductivity 12.5 S/m was synthesized by the in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of emulsion grade polyvinyl chloride. The dielectric properties of the composites , especially the dielectric loss, conductivity , dielectric heating coefficient , absorption coefficient , and penetration depth, were studied using a HP8510 vector network analyzer. The microwave absorption of the composites were studied at different frequency bands i.e, S, C, and X bands (2-12 GHz). The absorption coefficient was found to be higher than 200 m -' and it can be used for making microwave absorbers in space applications . POLYM . COMPOS., 28:588-592 , 2007.

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Preparation of polyanilines doped in mixed protonic acids: Their characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry

Cited by 68 publications

References 26 publications

Highly ordered polyaniline as an efficient dye remover

Highly ordered polyaniline as an efficient dye remover

The effect of low temperature treatment on electrochemical activity of polyaniline

Conducting polyaniline composites as microwave absorbers

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