Preparation of Polymeric Membranes

Ren, Jizhong; Wang, Rong

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-278-6_2

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Polymeric membranes, many organic polymers including crystalline and amorphous, glassy, and rubbery, are suitable membrane fabrication that targets oil-in-water separation. The preparation methods involve phase inversion, interfacial reaction, coating, stretching and etcetera [43]. Synthetic membranes such as polymeric membranes are the most commercially utilized membrane in oily wastewater separation with estimated sales of $2 billion in 2003 worldwide.…”

Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Oilfield Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Filtration Over Conventional Technology

Nazirah¹,

Yusof²,

Aziz³

et al. 2017

MJAS

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The oil and gas industry has been a constant developing industry as it is of importance to the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration and play vital roles in many other industries. Some oil and gas industry operations have been accountable of water contamination through by-results of refining and oil slicks. One of the biggest by-products that have raised a critical environment concern is oilfield produced water. Oilfield produced water (OPW) is coproduced aqua liquid phase which originate from well alongside oil phases in normal production process. The content of OPW consists of different type of organic and inorganic mix. Discarding this kind of wastewater can lead to surface pollution especially on water sources as well as soil. Hence, to meet environmental regulations as well as reuse and recycling of produced water, many researchers have focused on treating oily saline produced water. Conventional technologies used to treat produced water consist of clarifiers, dissolved air flotation, hydro cyclones, and disposable filters/absorbers. Typically, additional chemicals for coagulation or settling are needed which are expensive and are incapable of achieving recently required standards of cleanliness. Therefore, researchers have swung to membrane filtration plans because of their capability to minimize extra expenses and surpass issues connected with current advances. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight the current and developed membrane technology used in treating the oilfield produced wastewater and its current progress.Keywords: oilfield produced water, membrane filtration, mixed matrix membrane, oily wastewater Abstrak Industri minyak dan gas telah menjadi industri membangun berterusan kerana ia adalah penting untuk mengekalkan tamadun perindustrian dalam konfigurasi semasa dan memainkan peranan penting dalam banyak industri lain. Sesetengah operasi industri minyak dan gas telah dipertanggungjawabkan ke atas pencemaran air melalui tindakan penapisan dan minyak tumpahan. Salah satu yang produk sampingan yang terbesar yang telah menimbulkan kebimbangan persekitaran kritikal adalah air yang dihasilkan medan minyak. Air yang dihasilkan dari medan minyak (OPW) adalah dihasilkan bersama fasa cecair dan fasa minyak yang berasal dari telaga minyak dalam proses pengeluaran normal. Kandungan OPW terdiri daripada pelbagai jenis campuran organik dan bukan organik. Pembuangan jenis air sisa ini boleh membawa kepada pencemaran permukaan terutamanya kepada sumber air dan tanah. Oleh itu, untuk memenuhi peraturan-peraturan alam sekitar serta penggunaan semula dan kitar semula air yang dihasilkan, ramai penyelidik telah memberi tumpuan kepada merawat air masin yang dihasilkan dari medan minyak ini. Teknologi konvensional yang digunakan untuk merawat air yang dihasilkan terdiri daripada clarifiers, pengapungan udara terlarut, siklon hidro dan penapis boleh guna/penyerap. Biasanya, bahan kimia tambahan untuk pembekuan

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Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Oilfield Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Filtration Over Conventional Technology

Nazirah¹,

Yusof²,

Aziz³

et al. 2017

MJAS

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“…Cellulose acetate is widely used in food packaging as a rigid wrapping film, along with cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate. These materials have also been used extensively in other fields, such as membranes (Ren et al 2008). In cellulose triacetate, at least 92% of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose molecule are esterified (Doelker 1993 The tensile yield strength of generic commercial CA is 41 MPa to 87 MPa (23 °C, ISO 527-2), and the elastic modulus is 1.9 GPa to 3.8 GPa (23 °C, (Nakai et al 2005).…”

Section: Cellulose Acetatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The porosity of the film is an important factor. Phase inversion covers a range of techniques for preparing polymer films with controlled morphology and permeability (Ren et al 2008). CA films have been prepared by the dry phase inversion technique (Uz and Altinkaya 2011).…”

Section: Cellulose Acetatementioning

confidence: 99%

Strength and Barrier Enhancements of Cellophane and Cellulose Derivative Films: A Review

Paunonen

2013

BioResources

122

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Cellulose derivatives, i.e. cellulose functionalized in a solvent state with various side groups, are an important source of biomaterials for food packaging. This review considers the following materials: i) cellophane, ii) cellulose acetate, iii) methylcellulose, and iv) carboxymethylcellulose. Mechanical and barrier properties are important for freestanding packaging films as well as for coatings. The potential of the selected cellulose derivatives and cellophane is thus examined from the viewpoint of their tensile properties as well as their moisture and oxygen barrier properties. The capacity of microcrystalline cellulose and nano-sized celluloses to reinforce the films and to help impede gas diffusion is examined for microfibrillar celluloses, nanocrystalline celluloses, and whiskers. Very good oxygen barrier properties have been reported for cellophane. Nanocellulose fillers have regularly been shown to enhance the tensile properties of several cellulose derivatives, but the effects on the water vapor permeability (WVP) have been studied less often.

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“…This method transforms the polymer in a controlled manner from the solution phase into the solid phase, creating the membrane as a flat film or a hollow fiber (Mulder, 1996). The polymer solution can be precipitated by different approaches including cooling, immersion in a nonsolvent bath, and evaporation (Ren & Wang, 2008). Main parameters determining membrane morphology are the polymer concentration in the initial solution, solvent/nonsolvent affinity, and the presence of additives in the polymer solution or in the coagulation bath.…”

Section: Neat Polymer Membranes By Phase Inversionmentioning

confidence: 99%