Preparation of Polystyrene Spheres Using Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization

Yohanala, P T Flaviana; Dewa, Restu Mulya; Quarta, Karinda; Widiyastuti, W.; Winardi, Sugeng

doi:10.5539/mas.v9n7p121

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is seen a nonlinear tendency of the PMMA microsphere diameters as the mmols of monomer are increased; this tendency is followed by the SEM and DLS diameters’ measurements. This behavior is in accord to the results obtained by Waterhouse et al [ 1 ], Nandiyanto et al [ 6 ], and Yohanala et al [ 21 ], even when they synthesized PS ( Table 2 ). In (b), it is seen that, for fixed amounts of monomer (285 and 380 mmol) with varying amount of the initiator (0.55, 1.10, and 1.65 mmol), the PMMA microspheres’ diameter increases linearly.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In general, if we want to obtain small-size particles, we should increase the temperature, use a small amount of initiator, or decrease the amount of monomer. In the other case, to obtain a large particle size, the amount of monomer must be increased, the amount of initiator must be decreased, or the reaction must be carried out at low temperature [ 1 , 6 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Although these results are well established in the literature, a careful review of the synthesis of PMMA and other polymers using the SFEP method shows inconsistencies when the amount of initiator is varied [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and Study of the Optical Properties of PMMA Microspheres and Opals

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres were synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. These microspheres were used to obtain opals by the self-assembly method. Monomer and initiator quantities were varied systematically to monitor the size of PMMA microspheres. From SEM and DLS measurements, a trend was observed showing as the monomer and initiator amounts increased the average diameter of PMMA microspheres increased except when a minimum monomer amount was reached, for which the size of the microspheres remained practically constant. Diffuse reflectance spectra were processed by the Kubelka–Munk treatment to estimate the energy band gap (Eg) of the PMMA microspheres. It was found that PMMA microspheres present an indirect transition. From SEM micrographs, it is seen that PMMA opals photonic crystals are formed by microspheres in a uniform periodic face-centered cubic (fcc) array. Variable-angle specular reflectance spectra show that the opals possess a pseudo photonic band gap (PBG) in the visible and near-IR regions. Furthermore, it was found that PBGs shift towards larger wavelengths as the average diameter of the PMMA microspheres increases.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Study of the Optical Properties of PMMA Microspheres and Opals

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Monodispersed PSL particles were prepared in-house by NANOTEC using polymerization technique based on the literatures [ 16 , 17 ]. The suspension was diluted to concentration of 1% solid by deionized water (resistivity of 18.2 MΩ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Monodispersed Polystyrene Particles as Thailand Reference Materials (TRM)

Pongkasem

Crespy

Thaiboonrod

et al. 2022

MAPAN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to develop monodispersed polystyrene particles as certified reference materials in accordance with the ISO 17034: 2016 and the ISO Guide 35. It can play a significant role especially during the COVID-19 pandemic since several covering items such as filtering facepiece respirators or medical masks must be investigated for the quality of operation by various sizes of polystyrene. The polystyrene particles were prepared in-house by National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) using polymerization of styrene. Each batch was preliminary check for distribution, aggregation and averaged size by using dynamic light scattering. Then polystyrene particles were prepared to 1% solid suspension in deionized water for homogeneity testing, stability assessment and characterization using transmission electron microscope with ImageJ software. The 100 nm polystyrene as an example has been successfully synthesized fulfilled the criteria of size deviation from nominal value less than ± 10 nm and polydispersity index less than 0.05. Then, the particle size of polystyrene was statistically analyzed for screening test with the results of the coefficient of variation less than 10%. Stability assessment consisting of short-term stability testing with three different temperatures and long-term stability testing within 6 months observed was carried out. The results of short-term and long-term stability were presented within the maximum acceptable. The homogeneity tests for within bottle standard deviation and between bottle standard deviation were performed with randomly sampling. The results of homogeneity tests satisfied the criteria and therefore assigned the value as the certify value. Consequently, the certify value of 105.5 ± 4.6 nm of monodispersed polystyrene particles has been successfully developed as Thailand reference materials which were similar level of quality and accuracy to the standard commercial products.

show abstract

“…Therefore, polystyrene microspheres were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization in water using the initiator potassium persulfate. 91 The resulting polystyrene spheres had a hydrodynamic diameter of 679 ± 4 nm and formed a stable emulsion in water with a concentration of 300 ppm (Fig. S5 †).…”

Section: Microplastic Particle Filtration In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%