Preparation of porous carbon as ethylene adsorbent by pyrolysis of extraction waste Mangosteen rinds

Abstract

Abstract.Mangosteen rind is an important source of natural antioxidants. Due to the growing interest in extracting this anti cancer substances from the mangosteen rind, the amount of this lignocellulosic residu has been generated significantly as byproduct. In this research, extraction-waste mangosteen rind (EMP) was used as alternative precusor for production of carbon-based adsorbent for ethylene removal. Steam was used as activating agent and the effect of carbonization time and temperature on the development of pore structure were examined. Pyrolysis process was carried out by heating the mangosteen rinds powder (180 μm -355 μm) from ambient temperature up to carbonization temperature of 848 K and kept for 3 hours then followed by heating up to 1123 K and kept for 15 minutes under flowing N2 and steam. This process was repeated for several pyrolysis temperature (1053 K, 1073 K, 1083 K and 1103 K) and carbonization time (0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3,5 hours). The carbon obtained was characterized in terms of its pore structure and ethylene uptake capacity. The results show that porous carbon obtained from pyrolysis of extraction-waste mangosteen rind can be characterized as mesoporous carbon. The highest surface area of 1080 m 2 /g was obtained from pyrolysis of extraction-waste mangosteen rinds with carbonization time of 3.5 hours and pyrolysis temperature of 1123 K. Furthermore, the mesopore portion and the specific surface area increased with the increasing carbonization time. From the ethylene uptake experiment, it was noted that the ethylene adsorption capacity of EMPC is 40.12 cm 3 /g.

Characterization and Application of Mangosteen Peel Activated Carbon for Ammonia Gas Removal

“…Therefore, the surface area decreases in 180 min, and 120 min was chosen as the optimum activation time used in this study. The surface area obtained is smaller compared to the previous MP-AC studies using steam and chemical activation (Mukti et al, 2015;Nasrullah et al, 2019), probably due to the temperature and activating agent being used (Gebreegziabher et al, 2019). However, the surface area of activated carbon usually ranges 300-2,000 m 2 /g (Saputro et al, 2020), meaning that the result is still in the suitable range.…”

“…However, the use of CO2 activation for mangosteen peel activated carbon (MP-AC) is rarely reported. Mukti et al (2015) was using steam activation, while other studies were using chemical activation (Rattanapan et al, 2014;Nasrullah et al, 2019). Although the effectiveness of mangosteen peel as an adsorbent in CO2 and ethylene gas adsorption (Giraldo and Moreno-Piraján, 2017;Mukti et al, 2015) is accepted, none has assessed the MP-AC for the NH3 adsorption.…”

Lignin Refinery Using Organosolv Process for Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis

“…For carbon from coconut shell, the LCS-850 in Figure 4 h shows flatter surfaces with many voids compared with LCS-600 in Figure 4 g Therefore, morphologies of carbon depend on the material precursors and carbonization temperature, which is in agreement with the literature [ 7 ]. It is important to note that the morphologies of carbon synthesized by carbonization of lignin (lignin-derived carbon) are very different from the morphologies of porous carbon produced directly from biomass of mangosteen peel [ 29 ], corncob [ 30 ] and coconut shell [ 31 ].…”

The potential of mangosteen peel as a biosorbent: A review

“…Carbon activation can be done physically or chemically. 21 Physical activation utilizes a high-temperature thermal process in the pyrolysis or carbonization process, followed by carbon gasification, which generally uses steam or CO 2 . The activation process with the gasification method can clean the pores that were partially blocked so that the adsorption mechanism can be enhanced.…”

“…The carbonization process can separate non‐carbon parts; but it causes the decomposition of tar particulate matter which in turn clogs the pores due to the irregular carbon structure, thus inhibiting the adsorption performance of the biosorbent. Carbon activation can be done physically or chemically 21 . Physical activation utilizes a high‐temperature thermal process in the pyrolysis or carbonization process, followed by carbon gasification, which generally uses steam or CO 2 .…”