1991
DOI: 10.1180/claymin.1991.026.1.06
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Preparation of porous materials by chemical activation of the Llano vermiculite

Abstract: A B S T R A C T:A mild acid attack of the Llano vermiculite produces porous materials suitable for use as cracking catalysts and/or catalysts supports. After HCI attack at 80~ (1 M), the number of acid sites measured by the Hammett indicator method is ~0.50/nm 2, and the specific surfaces are 245 m2/g after calcination at 550~ (4 h), and 55 m2/g after steaming at 750~ (4 h). The performance of leached (1 M HCI) vermiculite has been compared with another hydrocarbon cracking catalysty-AI203. The leached vermicu… Show more

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Cited by 73 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…As can be seen from the last entry in Table 2, the surface area obtained after hydrolysis in 5.0 M HC1 is still high, 151 m2/gM HC1. Thus our results are in agreement with previous reports on the acid hydrolysis products of magnesium-rich palygorskite (Corma et al 1990;Gonzalez et al 1989), sepiolite (Rodriguez-Reinoso et al 1981), and vermiculite (Lopez-Gonzales et al 1959, Suquet et al 1991) insofar as the crystallinity of the 2:1 structure decreases with acid treatment, while the BET surface area increases. Figure 5 shows the 295i MAS NMR spectra of acid hydrolyzed phlogopites at 36%, 62% and 83% levels of Mg 1+ depletion.…”
Section: Fluorohectorite Hydrolysissupporting
confidence: 83%
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“…As can be seen from the last entry in Table 2, the surface area obtained after hydrolysis in 5.0 M HC1 is still high, 151 m2/gM HC1. Thus our results are in agreement with previous reports on the acid hydrolysis products of magnesium-rich palygorskite (Corma et al 1990;Gonzalez et al 1989), sepiolite (Rodriguez-Reinoso et al 1981), and vermiculite (Lopez-Gonzales et al 1959, Suquet et al 1991) insofar as the crystallinity of the 2:1 structure decreases with acid treatment, while the BET surface area increases. Figure 5 shows the 295i MAS NMR spectra of acid hydrolyzed phlogopites at 36%, 62% and 83% levels of Mg 1+ depletion.…”
Section: Fluorohectorite Hydrolysissupporting
confidence: 83%
“…Octahedral cations such as A13+, Fe 3+, Fe z+, and Mg 2+ can be depleted by treating the clay minerals with acids at elevated temperatures (Johnson et al 1964; with the rates of depletion generally following the order Mg 2+ > Fe 2 § Fe 3+ > AP + Luce et al 1972;Rice and Strong 1974). There has been considerable interest in the acid hydrolysis of 2:1 clay structures, especially palygorskite (Corma et al , 1990Gonzalez et al 1989), sepiolite (Corma et al 1986;Rodriguez-Reinoso et al 1981), montmorillonite (Mendioroz et al 1987;Rhodes and Brown 1992;Srasra et al 1989), and vermiculite (Suquet et al 1991). BET surface areas as high as 500 m2/g have been reported for the amorphous silicates derived from some of these minerals.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The pore volume of the 0.3SaRT sample (0.13 crn3/g), however, is low compared to that 0.3Sa90 sample (0.31 cm3/g). In general, the results are in good agreement with those reported on the acid hydrolysis products of clays (Gonzalez et al, 1989;Suquet et al, 1991;Vicente Rodriguez et al, 1994) in the sense that, as the crystallinity of the clay decreases with acid treatment, the surface area also increases.…”
Section: Microstructural Propertiessupporting
confidence: 81%
“…2). The rapid loss of MgO confirms the relative ease with which Mg cations are removed (Corma et al, 1986;Gonzalez et al, 1989;Suquet et al, 1991). Iron cations would seem to be more difficult to remove than A1 (Table 1).…”
Section: Chemical Analysismentioning
confidence: 64%
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