Preparation of Protein Aerogel Particles for the Development of Innovative Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

The research was oriented towards the preparation of aerogel particles based on egg white and whey protein isolate using various dispersion methods: dripping, spraying, and homogenization. Based on the results of analytical studies, the most appropriate samples were selected to obtain aerogels loaded with the drug. The results of the experimental research were used to study methods for obtaining nasal drug delivery systems based on aerogels. Protein aerogels were obtained by thermal gelation followed by supercritical drying. The obtained particles of protein aerogels have a specific surface area of up to 350 m2/g with a pore volume of up to 2.9 cm3/g, as well as a porosity of up to 95%. The results of experimental studies have shown that changing the dispersion method makes it possible to control the structural characteristics of protein aerogel particles. The results of the studies were applied to obtain innovative nasal drug delivery systems for the treatment of socially significant diseases. Analytical studies were conducted to determine the amount and state of adsorbed drugs in protein aerogel particles, as well as in vivo experiments on the distribution of clomipramine in blood plasma and brain tissue of rats to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the resulting drug-loaded protein aerogel.

Chitosan Aerogel Particles as Nasal Drug Delivery Systems

“…The article [ 53 ] described the sample preparation of rat blood plasma and rat brain tissue, as well as a detailed description of the detection technique. A tandem SCIEX 4500QTRAP mass spectrometer, combined with a Shimadzu 30ACMP liquid chromatograph, was used for the analysis.…”

“…Chromatographic separation of the components of the test sample was carried out in RPLC mode using a chromatographic column Phenomenex Phenyl-Hexyl 2.1 × 50 mm 2.6 um. The detection conditions were chosen according to [ 53 ]: phase A (water; 5 mM Ammonium Formate); phase B (Acetonitrile; 5 mM Ammonium Formate); a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min; and a sample input volume of 1 µL.…”

Protecting Proteins from Desiccation Stress Using Molecular Glasses and Gels

“…Both hydrogels and aerogels can also be realized using other matrix elements. For instance, proteins can be used as scaffolds for other protein or drug molecules in the aerogel formation process . Protein aerogels are advantageous due to the ability to control the surface area that can reach up to hundreds of square meters per gram, and to their exceptional porosity, enabling efficient drug intake, making them suitable for drug delivery.…”

“…For instance, proteins can be used as scaffolds for other protein or drug molecules in the aerogel formation process. 274 Protein aerogels are advantageous due to the ability to control the surface area that can reach up to hundreds of square meters per gram, and to their exceptional porosity, enabling efficient drug intake, making them suitable for drug delivery. Furthermore, their low densities, typically between 0.003 and 0.5 g/cm 3 , 275 are advantageous for drug delivery systems, particularly for medications administered mucosally, such as through oral or nasal routes.…”

Porous protein crystals: synthesis and applications

“…Notably, protein-DNA co-crystals have many other potential applications beyond structure determination; for instance, an increase in flexibility and pore size, combined with their inherent biocompatibility, may be useful for a wide range of biomedical and biomaterials applications such as hybrid biomaterials, biosensing, and therapeutic delivery. [179][180][181][182][183][184]…”