Preparation of Quaternary Ammonium Salt-Modified Chitosan Microspheres and Their Application in Dyeing Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

An efficient adsorbent (a quaternary ammonium salt-modified chitosan microsphere, CTA-CSM) was synthesized via an emulsion cross-linking reaction between 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTA) and chitosan (CS). The adsorption efficiency of the CTA-CSM as an adsorbent was studied using methyl orange dye to evaluate its suitability for wastewater purification. The characterization results showed that the CTA groups were successfully grafted onto the CS microspheres, and the as-prepared CTA-CSM samples exhibited a smooth surface and good dispersibility. The modification of CTA on CTA-CSM significantly improved its ability to remove methyl orange dye. The adsorption process of methyl orange by CTA-CSM was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum removal rate (98.9%) and adsorption capacity (131.9 mg/g) of CTA-CSM was higher than those of other previous reports; its removal rate for methyl orange was still up to 87.4% after five recycles. Hence, CTA-CSM is a very promising material for practical dyeing wastewater purification.

Epichlorohydrine crosslinked chitosan cinnamaldehyde Schiff base: Synthesis, characterization, thermal studies and its application in adsorption of methyl green

“…1, the peak appearing at 2861 cm -1 is assigned to the stretching of the C-H bond [3,11,18]. The sharp peak at about 1632 is assigned to the C=N iminic stretching band [3,11,18]. Two peaks appeared at about 1060 cm -1 is assigned to the C-O-C in the pyranose ring and the C-N stretching band [3,4].…”

“…Until now, various techniques have been reported for remove of various dyes such as biological degradation [7], oxidation [8] chemical coagulation and adsorption [1][2][3][4][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Chitosan, as a natural polymer, is harmless to humans [3], eco-friendly, nontoxic and also not expensive [2].…”

“…Chitosan, as a natural polymer, is harmless to humans [3], eco-friendly, nontoxic and also not expensive [2]. Due to containing many amine and hydroxyl groups on chitosan and its derivatives, they used as a good adsorbent for remove of various dyes [2][3][4][5][11][12][13][14]. Rahmi et al [2] reported the maximum adsorption capacity of 20.408 mg/g for the methylene blue removal using H 2 SO 4 crosslinked magnetic chitosan nanocomposite beads.…”

“…Cinar et al [4] prepared nano-ZnO/chitosan composite beads as an e cient removal of RB5. The maximum adsorption capacity has been found to be 189.44 mg/g.Ke et al [11] reported methyl green removal from wastewater using the modi ed chitosan by quaternary ammonium salt. We can modify chitosan using various crosslinking agents such as terephthaldehyde [15], glutaric acid [16] and epichlorohydrine [17], to improve its mechanical performance.…”

Reduction of Cost and Environmental Impact in the Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using a Combined MBBR-MBR System

“…From the economic and environmental perspective, these additional products generate extra cost and result in environmental impacts. For example, most of the decolorizing agents used are quaternary ammonium salt [27], which has a high impact on the toxicity category [14].…”