Preparation of Readily-to-Use Stilbenoids Extract from Morus alba Callus Using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

Abstract

The consumer and cosmetic industries have recently placed a greater emphasis on ecofriendly solvents for botanical extraction, including natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). In this study, NADES were prepared for Morus alba callus extraction. The efficiency of extraction from the NADES and methanol was investigated by comparison of the stilbenoids yield and anti-melanogenesis activity. Prior to testing the irritability of a suitable NADES on the reconstructed human epidermis (RhE), the effect of the selected NADES on stilbenoids stability was determined. The results showed that the highest yields of stilbenoids were obtained from choline chloride-glycerol mixtures (Ch1G2) and methanol extracts, with no significant difference in yields (5.06 ± 0.05 and 6.32 ± 0.40 mg/g callus dry weight, respectively). The NADES extracts of M. alba callus showed comparable anti-melanogenesis activity compared to methanol. In term of stability, stilbenoids in Ch1G2 remained stable after six months of storage at 4 °C except resveratrol. Furthermore, Ch1G2 had no irritation effect on RhE. Thus, based on the findings of this study, Ch1G2 is an intriguing green solvent alternative for the extraction of M. alba callus and may be advantageous for the preparation of skin-lightening cosmetics.

Sustainable In Silico-Supported Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Oligomeric Stilbenoids from Grapevine Roots Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) and Stability Study of Potential Ready-to-Use Extracts

“…The Ch/Pdiol grapevine root extract could be applied in cosmetic formulations. Similar NADES compositions have been previously reported for extracting resveratrol from mulberry callus using Ch/Gly [38] and from grapevine canes or peanut roots using Ch/Bdiol [44,50]. The Fru/LA grapevine root extract was selected for the storage stability study because of its potential use in foods and the previously described ability of acidic NADES to extract resveratrol from Gnetum gnemon seeds (B/LA), Polygonum cuspidatum roots (Ch/OxA), Morus alba callus (Ch/MA), and grapevine shoots (Ch/levulinic acid) [10,11,38,45].…”

“…This screening was used to select NADES systems able to extract these stilbenoids from grapevine roots. Choline chloride and betaine-based NADES systems were selected due to their comprehensive description in the literature and their potential application in cosmetic formulations [10,11,38]. Glucose and fructose-based NADES systems could be used for applications in the food industry.…”

“…Finally, extracts could be used after the removal of the NADES, e.g., by using XAD resins with food-grade quality [37]. Ready-to-use extracts still containing NADES could also be used, which is particularly interesting for cosmetic formulations [38][39][40]. The advantage of ready-to-use extracts is that the extraction agents do not need to be removed prior to use in the final product.…”

Applications for natural deep eutectic solvents in Chinese herbal medicines

“…In the study from Komaikul et al (2021) , they extracted stilbenoids from Morus alba callus by using a selected NADES of chloride-GL mixture. The NADES extract of Morus alba callus showed comparable anti-melanogenesis activity compared with methanol extract and no irritation effect on reconstructed human epidermis .…”

Biotechnological Approach to Increase Oxyresveratrol Production in Mulberry In Vitro Plants under Elicitation

“…Elicited M. alba in vitro cultures have also proved to be effective stilbene-producing systems [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], with the highest levels of mulberroside A, oxyresveratrol and resveratrol achieved in M. alba root cultures treated with MJ plus yeast extract [ 32 ]. The same treatment also improved the production of all three stilbenes in immobilized M. alba cells [ 33 ].…”