dPrevious studies have highlighted the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) inhibitors, including monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors, in the treatment and management of intestinal bowel disease (IBD). However, because of the immunogenicity of xenogeneic TNF-␣ inhibitors, antidrug antibodies (ADAs) can be triggered after repeated administration. An alternative way to target TNF-␣ is active immunization to elicit the production of high titers of neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we prepared a xenogeneic TNF-␣ protein vaccine and studied the protective effects in experimental colitis models. The xenogeneic TNF-␣ protein vaccine could overcome self-tolerance and induce TNF-␣-specific neutralizing antibody. Moreover, the xenogeneic TNF-␣ protein vaccine could protect mice from acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). One possible explanation for this protective effect is the production of TNF-␣-specific neutralizing antibody, which absorbed the biological activity of mouse TNF-␣ (mTNF-␣) and failed to induce T lymphocyte apoptosis. In summary, use of the xenogeneic TNF-␣ protein vaccine may be a potent therapeutic strategy for IBD.