Preparation of Refractile Spores of
            <i>Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum</i>
            Involves a Solventogenic Phase

Landuyt, Sandra L.; Hsu, Edward J.

doi:10.1128/aem.58.6.1797-1800.1992

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…1B, the optical density of the culture increased at around 125 h of fermentation. This increase could be due to changes in the optical properties of the sporulating cells, to elongation of individual cells without appreciable cell division, or to an increase in cell size as previously demonstrated (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Clostridium cellulolyticum Viability and Sporulation under Cellobiose Starvation Conditions

Géhin¹,

Gelhaye²,

Raval³

et al. 1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Depending on the moment of cellobiose starvation, Clostridium cellulolyticum cells behave in different ways. Cells starved during the exponential phase of growth sporulate at 30%, whereas exhaustion of the carbon substrate at the beginning of growth does not provoke cell sporulation. Growth in the presence of excess cellobiose generates 3% spores. The response of C. cellulolyticum to carbon starvation involves changes in proteolytic activities; higher activities (20% protein degradation) corresponded to a higher level of sporulation; lower proteolysis (5%) was observed in cells starved during the beginning of exponential growth, when sporulation was not observed; with an excess of cellobiose, an intermediate value (10%), accompanied by a low level of sporulation, was observed in cells taken at the end of the exponential growth phase. The basal percentage of the protein breakdown in nonstarved culture was 4%. Cells lacking proteolytic activities failed to induce sporulation. High concentrations of cellobiose repressed proteolytic activities and sporulation. The onset of carbon starvation during the growth phase affected the survival response of C. cellulolyticum via the sporulation process and also via cell-cellulose interaction. Cells from the exponential growth phase were more adhesive to filter paper than cells from the stationary growth phase but less than cells from the late stationary growth phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Clostridium cellulolyticum Viability and Sporulation under Cellobiose Starvation Conditions

Géhin¹,

Gelhaye²,

Raval³

et al. 1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Along with the shift to solventogenesis, the cells undergo a series of morphological and physiological changes in motility, shape, and granulose content. These accumulated data suggest that the solventogenic phase is an important feature for sporulation in C. acetobutylicum but not a sporulation-specific event (33, 41-43, 49, 57), as has been shown for the solventogenic C. thermosaccharolyticum (39).…”

mentioning

confidence: 62%

Sporulation and primary sigma factor homologous genes in Clostridium acetobutylicum

et al. 1994

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Using a PCR-based approach, we have cloned various sigma factor homologous genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792. The nucleotide sequence of the dnaE-sigA operon has been determined and predicts two genes encoding 69- and 43-kDa proteins. The deduced DnaE amino acid sequence has approximately 30% amino acid identity with protein sequences of other primases. The putative sigA gene product shows high homology to primary sigma factors of various bacteria, most significantly to Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Northern (RNA) blot analysis revealed that both genes from an operon, which is clearly expressed under conditions that allow for cell division. A promoter sequence with significant homology to the sigma H-dependent Bacillus promoters preceded the determined transcriptional start point, 182 bp upstream of the GUG start codon of dnaE. The homologous genes to Bacillus spp. sporulation sigma factors G, E, and K have been cloned and sequenced. Indirect evidence for the existence of sigma F was obtained by identification of a DNA sequence homologous to the respective Bacillus consensus promoter. Southern hybridization analysis indicated the presence of sigma D and sigma H homologous genes in C. acetobutylicum. A new gene group conserved within the eubacteria, but with yet unspecified functions, is described. The data presented here provide strong evidence that at least some of the complex regulation features of sporulation in B. subtilis are conserved in C. acetobutylicum and possibly Clostridium spp.

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“…The two most critical factors, a decrease in external pH and accumulation of acidic fermentation products, to a varying extent, contribute to the initiation of solvent formation in different Clostridium species and strains [22]. The isolation of various mutants, along with investigations on sporulation conditions, demonstrated that solventogenesis is not, at least not under all conditions, a prerequisite for sporulation in C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 [23], DSM 792 [24], and P262 [25], C. beijerinckii NRRL B-593 [26], and C. thermosaccharolyticum [27]. In spite of these data, the view remains that the initiation of solventogenesis and sporulation are tightly coupled in the solventogenic clostridia [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] [38], B. thuringiensis [40], and C. acetobutylicum [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sigma factor and sporulation genes in Clostridium

Sauer

1995

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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The genus Clostridium, represented by Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria, is well known for its clinical importance and considerable biotechnological potential. Recently, evidence for a functional role of the transcription factors sigma A, sigma E, sigma G, and sigma K in this genus was provided by cloning and sequencing these genes from C. acetobutylicum. In C. kluyveri, a partially sequenced open reading frame was found to encode the N terminus of the putative sigma factor L with significant similarity to members of the sigma 54 family. The identification of sequences with high similarity to the Bacillus sigma F (C. acetobutylicum), sigma H (several clostridial species), and sigma D (C. thermocellum)-controlled consensus promoters renders the existence of these transcription factors in clostridia very likely. These data are in agreement with information obtained by RNA transcript mapping (sigma A, sigma H), heterologous DNA hybridization (sigma D, sigma H), and immuno characterization of purified proteins (sigma A) from various clostridial species. Thus, the picture emerges that a fundamental similarity exists at the genetic level between the regulation of various cellular responses, in particular sporulation, in the genera Bacillus and Clostridium. The different induction patterns of sporulation in Bacillus spp. (nutrient starvation) and many clostridial species (cessation of growth or exposure to oxygen in the presence of excess nutrients) are most interestingly not reflected in the general regulatory features of this developmental process.

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Preparation of Refractile Spores of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Involves a Solventogenic Phase

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Clostridium cellulolyticum Viability and Sporulation under Cellobiose Starvation Conditions

Clostridium cellulolyticum Viability and Sporulation under Cellobiose Starvation Conditions

Sporulation and primary sigma factor homologous genes in Clostridium acetobutylicum

Sigma factor and sporulation genes in Clostridium

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