The flammability properties of three series of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Magnesium Hydroxide/Layered Double Hydroxide (EVA/MH/LDH) composites as well as the flame retardance effect between LDH and the conventional flame retardant additive MH are investigated. In addition to acting as an insulating barrier, LDH assists the dispersion of MH particles in the EVA matrix, and promotes the formation of the char residues because of its abundant interlayer hydroxyl groups. Composites containing LDH show good flame retardancy in Cone and LOI testings. This means that the combustion properties of the composites have decreased, which may lessen the fire hazard when this materials are used. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) with different vinyl acetate (VA) contents are extensively used in many fields, especially in the cable industry as excellent insulating materials with good physical and chemical properties [1]. However, EVA resins are particularly flammable and emit a large amount of smoke when burnt. Magnesium hydroxide is a conventional non-toxic, smoke-suppressing halogen-free flame retardant additive with a high decomposition temperature that is used in flame retardant polymeric materials. However, its flame retardant efficiency is low, so very large amounts must be used, leading to a sharp drop in the mechanical properties of the flame retardant materials. To minimize this effect, the dispersion of MH and its compatibility with the polymer matrix must be improved. The use of very small (hyperfine) particles and surface treatment of MH are two important methods to achieve this. The usual surface modifiers for MH are organic reagents or polymers, which could be detrimental to combustion properties such as the limiting oxygen index (LOI). Hyperfine magnesium hydroxide has been very effective at improving the flame retardance and mechanical properties of polymeric materials, but its dispersion in polymer matrices is very difficult [2]. In recent years, the intercalated or exfoliated polymer/ LDH nanocomposites have attracted great interest in the field of materials science, because of their excellent thermal stability, flame retardance, and physico-chemical properties [3][4][5][6]. In the present work, we use MH and organic modified LDH layers as a flame retardant system and study their synergistic effects on the morphology and structure, flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of EVA/MH/ LDH nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), LOI, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and cone calorimetry (Cone) tests are performed. The aim is to study the effects of adding LDH and MH to EVA resin (in particular its flame retardant and mechanical properties), and also to explore three difference synergistic systems containing MgAl-LDH, ZnAl-LDH, or MgFe-LDH. The main purpose of this study is to develop a new type of low smoke, halogen-free flame retardant Ding Y Y, et al. Chinese Sci Bull December (2011) and sodium dodecyl sulfate...