Preparation of Small Samples for <sup>14</sup>C Accelerator Targets by Catalytic Reduction of CO

Slota, Peter J.; Jull, A. J. T.; Linick, T. W.; Toolin, L. J.

doi:10.1017/s0033822200056988

Cited by 495 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For the five new cores, ball-milled sub-samples of bulk peat from the upper section (20-30 cm), mid-profile and base of one core from each of the five LTLS sites (n = 15; Table 2) were submitted to the NERC Radiocarbon Facility at East Kilbride for determination of its 14C signature by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). CO 2 released by combustion (in an oxygen-filled high-pressure bomb) of the sieved soil was separated cryogenically, graphitised by iron-zinc reduction (Slota et al, 1987) and analysed using the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) AMS (5MV NEC, National Electrostatics Corporation, Wisconsin, US) (Xu et al, 2004). Stable carbon isotope ratios were measured on sub-samples of CO 2 using a dual-inlet mass spectrometer with a multiple ion beam collection facility (Thermo Fisher Delta V) in order to normalise 14C data to − 25‰ δ13C VPDB .…”

Section: Age-depth Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

Schillereff

Boyle

Toberman

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• C, N and P concentrations and longterm burial rates in UK peat are of similar magnitude to published values elsewhere.• The long-term burial flux in UK peat of P is broadly consistent with atmospheric deposition rates; N burial exceeds atmospheric deposition, consistent with substantial N fixation by peat bogs.• N and P concentrations in peat are strongly associated in both UK and sites elsewhere in the world, consistent with a key role for P in biological fixation of N and C. In this paper we report new data on peat carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and accumulation rates for 15 sites in the UK. Concentrations of C, N and P measured in peat from five ombrotrophic blanket mires, spanning 4000-10,000 years to present were combined with existing nutrient data from ten Scottish ombrotrophic peat bogs to provide the first UK perspective on millennial scale macronutrient concentrations in ombrotrophic peats. Long-term average C, N and P concentrations (0-1.25 m) for the UK are 54.8, 1.56 and 0.039 wt%, of similar magnitude to the few published comparable sites worldwide. The uppermost peat (0-0.2 m) is enriched in P and N (51.0, 1.86, and 0.070 wt%) relative to the deeper peat (0.5-1.25 m, 56.3, 1.39, and 0.027 wt%). Long-term average (whole core) accumulation rates of C, N and P are 25.3 ± 2.2 gC m −2 year −1 (mean ± SE), 0.70 ± 0.09 gN m −2 year −1 and 0.018 ± 0.004 gP m −2 year −1 , again similar to values reported elsewhere in the world. The two most significant findings are: 1) that a regression model of N concentration on P concentration and mean annual precipitation, based on global meta data for surface peat samples, can explain 54% of variance in N concentration in these UK peat profiles; and 2) budget calculations for the UK peat G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v cores yield an estimate for long-term average N-fixation of 0.8 g m −2 year −1 . Our UK results, and comparison with others sites, corroborate published estimates of N storage in northern boreal peatlands through the Holocene as ranging between 8 and 15 Pg N. However, the observed correlation of N% with both mean annual precipitation and P concentration allows a potential bias in global estimates that do not take this into account. The peat sampling data set has been deposited at the NERC Data Centre (Toberman et al., 2016).

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Section: Age-depth Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

Schillereff

Boyle

Toberman

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…A subsample was taken for  13 C analysis using a VG SIRA 10 stable isotope mass spectrometer, using NBS standards 22 (oil) and 19 (marble) to determine the 45/44 and 46/44 atomic mass ratios, from which the  13 C value was calculated. A further sample (3 mL) was converted to graphite according to the method of Slota et al (1987).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Dating Evidence for North Sea Trade Between England, Scotland, and Norway in the 11th Century AD

Hall¹,

Hamilton²

2010

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT. This study follows on from previous research at Perth, Scotland, in which we dated carbonized food residues removed from the external surface of rim sherds of cooking pots of London Sandy Shellyware pottery (Museum of London Pottery Fabric Code SSW).The 15 residues that were dated produced 14 C ages between 910 ± 35 and 1085 ± 40 BP. We have now carried out radiocarbon measurements on similar residues from the same fabric obtained from the Billingsgate excavations in London and the Bryggen excavations in Bergen, Norway.The London and Bergen measurements gave age ranges of 905 ± 35 to 1115 ± 35 BP and 920 ± 35 to 1055 ± 35 BP, respectively, both very similar to the Perth age range. The measurements at each site are in agreement with our Bayesian model assumption that they belong to a single phase of activity. The model estimates the introduction of London Sandy Shellyware in London to cal AD 820-1020, in Perth to cal AD 930-1020, and in Bergen to cal AD 980-1030 (95% probability). Further modeling predicts that it fell out of use in the reverse order.

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“…Measurement of δ 13 C 218 ( 13 C/ 12 C ratio in ‰ units relative to the standard Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite; 219 VPDB) was performed on a dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometer (VG 220 Optima, Micromass, UK). The 14 C sub-sample of CO 2 was reduced to graphite 221 using Fe/Zn reduction (Slota et al, 1987) deviations (i.e. ±1 σ = 68% probability, and ±2 σ = 95% probability).…”

Section: Gas Collection and Isotope Analysis 211 212mentioning

confidence: 99%

A passive sampling method for radiocarbon analysis of soil respiration using molecular sieve

Garnett

Hartley

Hopkins³

et al. 2009

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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General comments"…I suggest the author to elaborate on the interpretation of the results in order to produce a full research paper rather than a technical paper. Particularly, as a synthetic soil is included with "expected" contrasting soil characteristics but these have not been reported. The synthetic soil would make it possible to discuss the isotopic results in relation to two C sources for CO2" We are presenting this work as a technique that investigators may wish to consider applying to their research on SOM dynamics and land-atmosphere exchange of CO 2 . The intention was to publicize this method promptly following validation. The technique can be applied in many different ways and in contrasting contexts. We tested the method in two contrasting soils to provide a robust test of the new method but the soils were not selected because we wanted to better understand how C cycles through these particular soils. Turning this manuscript into a full research paper would require a lot of additional 14 C measurements which are not justifiable based on the only parochial importance of soils chosen. In addition, we feel that a fuller analysis of carbon cycling in these soils would potentially deflect attention away from the primary purpose of the work; to present the passive-sampling method. Specific points L. 16: to use the word simple seems not appropriate.We have removed the word "simple".L. 35-63: this section is to long for a technical paper on CO2 gas sampling. I suggest the section being shortened (and L. 48-63 deleted). An introduction to CO2 sampling would be more helpful. The focus on technically testing a new method stands in contrast to the long introduction to the application of radiocarbon analysis. As requested by the reviewer, we have reduced this section of the manuscript, including completely removing L. 48-55. We have retained L. 56-63 as we considered it important to introduce existing techniques which can be used to collect soil respired CO 2 (although they are usually relatively impractical compared to passive sampling with molecular sieves). L. 44: The sentence: "Radiocarbon analysis of soil respiration avoids the need for these assumptions and provides a direct measurement of the mean age of soil-respired CO2 needs references or deleted here but discussed later.We have now moved this sentence and incorporated it into the Discussion. L 96-97: I agree and that is the reason why this study should be publishedWe thank the reviewer for this comment.L 110: Not a constant rate but a rate proportion to the soil CO2 production -as soil CO2 production will fluctuate over time (at least over 24 h at most sites). The rate of CO 2 capture by the MSC should be proportional to the CO 2 concentration of the environment (in this case, the CO 2 concentration of the chamber). This is different to the rate of soil CO 2 production, because there is also the likelihood of transport of the CO 2 in and out of the chamber. Unlike soil CO 2 production rate, soil CO 2 concentration may vary much less over time. On L 1...

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Preparation of Small Samples for ¹⁴C Accelerator Targets by Catalytic Reduction of CO

Cited by 495 publications

References 7 publications

Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

New Dating Evidence for North Sea Trade Between England, Scotland, and Norway in the 11th Century AD

A passive sampling method for radiocarbon analysis of soil respiration using molecular sieve

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Preparation of Small Samples for 14C Accelerator Targets by Catalytic Reduction of CO

Cited by 495 publications

References 7 publications

Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands

New Dating Evidence for North Sea Trade Between England, Scotland, and Norway in the 11th Century AD

A passive sampling method for radiocarbon analysis of soil respiration using molecular sieve

Contact Info

Product

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Preparation of Small Samples for ¹⁴C Accelerator Targets by Catalytic Reduction of CO