Preparation of solid acid catalyst SO42−/TiO2/γ-Al2O3 for esterification: A study on catalytic reaction mechanism and kinetics

Yuan, Ying; Wenwei, Jiang; Li, Jinjin

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2018.11.021

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The peaks at the binding energies of 161.4 and 162.6 eV correspond to S 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 , respectively, which are consistent with S 2– . Meanwhile, the valences of the sulfate group at 168.9 and 170.0 eV were also detected due to annealing, which is in good agreement with the analysis of O 1s …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…24 The O 1s spectrum (Figure 5b) presents three peaks at 530.8, 532.4, and 533.9 eV, which originate from three different electron states. The highest peak at a binding energy of 530.8 eV is indexed to Zn−O bonds, the second peak at a binding energy of 532.4 eV is assigned to oxygen of the sulfate group which was generated from the oxidation of S 2− during annealing, 25 and the minimum peak at 533.9 eV coincides with the bonds of C−O or O−H. 26 The peaks at 853.5 and 855.8 eV as shown in the Ni 2p XPS spectra of 10NZNR composites in Figure 5c are assigned to Ni 2p 3/2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Meanwhile, the valences of the sulfate group at 168.9 and 170.0 eV were also detected due to annealing, which is in good agreement with the analysis of O 1s. 25 3.2. Analysis of Optical Properties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence Performance of Ni_xS_y(NiS and Ni₉S₈)/ZnO Nanorods by a Hydrothermal Method

Liu

2020

Inorg. Chem.

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This paper reports on a near zero band gap semiconductor, Ni x S y , which significantly enhances the photoluminescence (PL) performance of ZnO nanorods. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), PL spectrometry, etc. The PL patterns at an excitation wavelength (λex) of 325 nm revealed that the 10% Ni x S y /ZnO nanorod (10NZNR) composites displayed the highest emission intensity in the region of 420–630 nm. The relationship between the emission intensity of ZnO and the concentration of Ni x S y demonstrated that the PL intensity of NZNRs initially increased (<10%) and then declined with an increase in Ni x S y content (>10%). According to PL spectra at different excitation wavelengths and PL excitation (PLE) spectra, the visible emission of Ni x S y /ZnO nanorod (NZNR) composites can only be excited by light with energy greater than that of the band gap. Studies of the morphological structures and PL behaviors of NZNR composites have illustrated that Ni x S y considerably enhances the visible emission of ZnO by regulating its morphology and structure. An appropriate mechanism by which Ni x S y enhances the PL performance of ZnO has been proposed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence Performance of Ni_xS_y(NiS and Ni₉S₈)/ZnO Nanorods by a Hydrothermal Method

Liu

2020

Inorg. Chem.

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“…[1][2][3] Therefore, the use of solid acid instead of inorganic acid as a catalyst for the esterification reaction has become a hot topic, because solid acids have the advantages of easy separation, no corrosion, good catalytic stability and so on. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] In our earlier work, we prepared a mesoporous SnO-γ-Al 2 O 3 composite by a seeding-crystallization method, which showed excellent catalytic esterification in the reaction of pentaerythritol and stearic acid, and we found that the tin chloride (SnCl 2 ) shows a significant catalytic effect on the esterification of pentaerythritol and stearic acid. [14] SnCl 2 is an important solid acid catalyst because of its high Lewis acidity and less corrosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Esterification of Pentaerythritol over a Mesoporous Composite SnCl₂@HZSM‐5 Catalyst

Mi,

Xiong,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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The mesoporous HZSM‐5 and SnCl2@HZSM‐5 mesoporous composite were prepared by two‐step crystallization and wet impregnation method, respectively. The catalytic esterification performances of SnCl2, HZSM‐5 and SnCl2@HZSM‐5 were compared. SnCl2@HZSM‐5 had the most amount of total and weak acidity, and the weakest acid strength. More total acid content was beneficial to increase pentaerythritol conversion, and the weak acid could improve the selectivity of PETS, and weak acid strength was beneficial to inhibit the formation of carbon deposits. Brönsted and Lewis acid sites were present simultaneously on the SnCl2@HZSM‐5 catalyst. Moreover, some extra Brönsted acid sites were created on the SnCl2@HZSM‐5 catalyst, because the interaction of SnCl2 with HZSM‐5 may result in the exchange of Sn2+ with protons. Both acid sites could catalyze the esterification reaction, and the Brönsted acid site was more beneficial to increasing PETS selectivity. Therefore, SnCl2@HZSM‐5 showed the highest pentaerythritol conversion, PETS selectivity and catalytic stability. The generation of coke and the leaching of Sn were the main cause of catalyst deactivation. Under the optimized process conditions: 105 °C, 4.7 molar ratio of stearic acid and pentaerythritol, 1.2 wt % catalyst amount and 2.5 wt % SnCl2 loading, after 3 h reaction time, the pentaerythritol conversion, PETS selectivity and yield was 99.3 %, 97.2 % and 96.5 %, respectively.

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Development and characterisation research on SnO₂‐Al₂O₃‐NiO/SO₄²⁻ catalysed epoxidation of soybean oil under hydraulic cavitation

Zhang

Cheng

Chen

et al. 2022

Applied Organom Chemis

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A new hydraulic cavitation‐assisted epoxidation scheme was developed by using a cost‐effective, environment‐friendly, and recyclable solid‐acid catalyst. SnO2‐Al2O3‐NiO/SO42− solid‐acid catalysts were prepared using co‐precipitation and impregnation methods, which were characterised by several techniques and analysed using the Hammett acidity function. The prepared catalysts were found to have a large specific surface area (53.95 m2/g) and abundant acid sites (94 μmol/g). Exhibits higher stability and more effective catalytic activity compared with H2SO4. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the relative conversion to oxirane of 86.97% was obtained in only 1.5 h of reaction time. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily separated and showed satisfactory catalytic activity after five reuse cycles. The current work has clearly demonstrated that the application of hydraulic cavitation technology to the solid‐acid‐catalysed epoxidation reaction of soybean oil can shorten the reaction time, increase the relative conversion to oxirane, and be a viable method with promising applications.

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Preparation of solid acid catalyst SO42−/TiO2/γ-Al2O3 for esterification: A study on catalytic reaction mechanism and kinetics

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence Performance of Ni_xS_y(NiS and Ni₉S₈)/ZnO Nanorods by a Hydrothermal Method

Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence Performance of Ni_xS_y(NiS and Ni₉S₈)/ZnO Nanorods by a Hydrothermal Method

Catalytic Esterification of Pentaerythritol over a Mesoporous Composite SnCl₂@HZSM‐5 Catalyst

Development and characterisation research on SnO₂‐Al₂O₃‐NiO/SO₄²⁻ catalysed epoxidation of soybean oil under hydraulic cavitation

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Preparation of solid acid catalyst SO42−/TiO2/γ-Al2O3 for esterification: A study on catalytic reaction mechanism and kinetics

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence Performance of NixSy(NiS and Ni9S8)/ZnO Nanorods by a Hydrothermal Method

Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence Performance of NixSy(NiS and Ni9S8)/ZnO Nanorods by a Hydrothermal Method

Catalytic Esterification of Pentaerythritol over a Mesoporous Composite SnCl2@HZSM‐5 Catalyst

Development and characterisation research on SnO2‐Al2O3‐NiO/SO42− catalysed epoxidation of soybean oil under hydraulic cavitation

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Product

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Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence Performance of Ni_xS_y(NiS and Ni₉S₈)/ZnO Nanorods by a Hydrothermal Method

Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence Performance of Ni_xS_y(NiS and Ni₉S₈)/ZnO Nanorods by a Hydrothermal Method

Catalytic Esterification of Pentaerythritol over a Mesoporous Composite SnCl₂@HZSM‐5 Catalyst

Development and characterisation research on SnO₂‐Al₂O₃‐NiO/SO₄²⁻ catalysed epoxidation of soybean oil under hydraulic cavitation