Preparation of sucrose esters by interesterification

Abstract

Reactions between sucrose and esters of long chain fatty acids customarily have been conducted in a mutual solvent, such as dimethylformamide. The solvent‐free interesterification of molten sucrose and fatty acid esters at temperatures between 170–187 C has now been performed with the aid of lithium, sodium and potassium soaps as catalysts and solubilizers. When the reactants were heated rapidly and then subjected to reduced pressure, the interesterifications could be brought to equilibrium in 12 min or less, including the time necessary to melt the sucrose. The several soaps and combinations of soaps employed differed markedly in their performance. No sucrose esters were obtained with lithium palmitate, while the yield with lithium oleate was among the best, but consisted of over 90% tetra‐ and higher esters of sucrose. Lower esters were best produced with combinations of lithium oleate with sodium or potassium oleate employed at a level of about 25% total soaps, based on the weight of sucrose. The type of fatty acid ester employed also markedly affected the yield of sucrose esters. Among the esters tested, methyl carbitol palmitate (which could be formed in situ), monopalmitin, distearin and technical grade diglycerides (48% diglycerides) prepared from completely hydrogenated cottonseed oil, interesterified readily.

Propylenated fatty acids as emulsifiers

“…The insolubility of these emulsifiers in water suggests a non polar nature, while the solubility of some emulsifiers in oil indicate that these emulsifiers can be blended with lipids during formation of food system without employing organic solvents (13). Figure 1 shows that pH values of the five emulsifiers are alkaline in character which agree with those of sorbitol fatty acids reported by (14).…”

“…The selection of a suitable emulsifier for an 0/W or a W/0 emulsion must be determined by experimentation. However a low HLB value (3-6) will promote or stabilize W/0 emulsion, an intermediate HLB value (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) will stabilize 0/W emulsion, and a high HLB value (15-18) will act as a solubilizer (6).…”

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

“…DMF and DMSO), compromising the final product for human consumption. Alternatively, Rizzi and Taylor 91 , based on the studies of Feuge et al 96 , developed a two-stage solvent-free process, in which the SPE are synthesized by transesterification, using sodium hydride, Na-K alloy and soaps as catalyst. Despite the very good reaction yields (about 90%), this process still shows some inconveniences such as the need for high temperatures (150 °C), and the difficulty to purify the final product (the soaps are not easily eliminated).…”

High-Throughput Analysis of Sucrose Fatty Acid Esters by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…[7][8][9] Gas chromatography has been used to analyze SEs a er derivatization by silylation. 10,11) e most common method for separating SEs is reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a refractive index detector (RID), [12][13][14] evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), 15,16) or charged aerosol detector (CAD) 17) ; RP-HPLC has also been used in tandem with mass spectrometry (MS).…”