Preparation of Synthetic Seeds of Citrus jambhiri Using in vitro Regenerated Multiple Plantlets

Abstract

Biotechnological tools are useful for true-to-type propagation. Shoot tips encapsulation is potential for plant development from pre-existing meristematic tissue. MS medium fortified with 1 and 2 mg/L of BAP (6-bezylaminopurine) was found to be suitable for in vitro mass-multiplication of plantlets (10.18 and 13.05 plantlets/explant, respectively) of Citrus jambhiri from nodal segments. Nodal segments were more appropriate than the shoot tips for in vitro multiplication of plantlets. Synthetic seeds were prepared using 2.5% sodium alginate dropping into 3.0% CaCl2 solution. Maximum germination was recorded when beaded shoot tips were cultured on MS medium fortified with 1 and 2 mg/L of BAP (96.67 and 100.00%, respectively). However, the germination of synthetic seeds was found to be comparatively high than the earlier findings. The results support the use of encapsulated unipolar explants for synthetic seed preparation. These type of capsules could be useful in exchange of sterile material between laboratories, germplasm conservation and direct plant propagation.

Direct shoot regeneration from cotyledon, leaf and root ofCitrus jambhiriLush

“…Contrariwise, as per the search for the literature in 'Google Search', there is no finding on direct regeneration of shoots from cotyledon of citrus species. Ample references are also available on direct shoot multiplication from nodal segments [1,6,7,9,15,16], shoot tips [6,7,16,17], cotyledonary node [18,19], axillary buds [20] and meristem culture [21] Direct plantlet regeneration from leaf segments represent a promising tool for massmultiplication of citrus keeping the genetic fidelity intact. To date, direct organogenesis from leaf explants of C. jambhiri is not available.…”

“…Only two root showed direct regeneration ( Table 2). The direct in vitro regenerated shoots were hardened and finally transferred to the field as per the guidelines of [7].…”

“…However, limited research findings are available on direct regeneration from cotyledon, leaf and root of Citrus spp. Contrariwise, plenty successful research findings are available on indirect regeneration through callus initiation and plantlet regeneration [3,[7][8][9][10][11][12]. Hence, in this endeavour effort was taken to standardize protocol for direct regeneration of plantlets from cotyledon, root and leaf of Citrus jambhiri Lush.…”

Conservation, Regeneration and Genetic Stability of Regenerants from Alginate-Encapsulated Shoot Explants of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

“…The gardenia plantlets that survived after acclimatization did not have any visible variation in respect to morphology and/or growth characteristics. The successful implementation of acclimatization to plantlets originated from germinated artificial seeds have also been reported for the woody plant species of Punica granatum [49], Simmondsia chinensis [51], Rauvolfia tetraphylla [23], Rauvolfia vomitoria [77], Nerium oleander [50], Citrus jambhiri [37], Albizia lebbeck [36] and Viburnum dentatum [29].…”

“…It exists in the market as a sodium salt, sodium alginate, with the ability to form gels in the presence of calcium ions which are able to encapsulate small plant tissues and organs and protect them from mechanical damage and desiccation, allowing germination and conversion to occur [30,31,33]. The successful application of the encapsulation method for artificial seed production has been reported for many plant species, and most recently for the woody plants of Rosa hybrida [35], Viburnum dentatum [29], Albizia lebbeck [36] and Citrus jambhiri [37].…”