Preparation of uranium(III) in a molten chloride salt: a redox mechanistic study

Lambert, Hugues; Kerry, Timothy; Sharrad, Clint A.

doi:10.1007/s10967-018-5953-7

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For use in reprocessing reactor fuel (pyroprocessing), electrochemistry is used for uranium dissolution. 6 In different melt mixtures, the required electrode potential for the oxidative dissolution of uranium metal changes and, in turn, so do the interactions with uranium cations and the melt constituent anions. In both chloride and fluoride molten salt melts, LiCl-KCl, FLiBe, FLiNaK, and LiCl-LiF, it is known that U(III) undergoes a one-step reduction to uranium metal (Eq.…”

Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,77 Lambert et al and Masset et al studied the reaction mechanism with BiCl 3 and had success. 6,46 Lambert et al found that adding BiCl 3 to U metal in a LiCl-KCl melt initiated the oxidative dissolution of U metal to U(III) in one hour. 6 A uranium oxidation study with BiCl 3 was performed at 450 °C in LiCl-KCl (see Fig.…”

Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,46 Lambert et al found that adding BiCl 3 to U metal in a LiCl-KCl melt initiated the oxidative dissolution of U metal to U(III) in one hour. 6 A uranium oxidation study with BiCl 3 was performed at 450 °C in LiCl-KCl (see Fig. 10 in Lambert et al).…”

Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the different coolant mixtures-fluoride or chloride-dissolved uranium could be present in domains related to the extended solid-state structures of UX 3 , UX 4 , UX 6, and UO 2 X 2 (X = F − or Cl − ). 6 Furthermore, uranium cations may be solvated by the coolant salt anions (X − ) in the form of anionic halide complexes. For example, in nonaqueous electrolytes at room temperature, previous research has shown that the homoleptic, octahedral hexachloro complexes of U(IV) and the tetravalent trans-U elements are stable in solution and as solid salts in the form of [AnCl 6 ] 2− anions (for An(IV) = Th, U, Np, Pu).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Review—Fundamental Uranium Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy in Molten Salt Systems

Hege¹,

Jackson²,

Shafer³

2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Uranium is a key element used for nuclear energy production. Some advanced reactor designs, specifically molten salt reactors, continue to use uranium as the fissile material for energy production. These new technologies require an intimate understanding of uranium chemistry both during and after energy production. This review covers contemporary research on the coordination chemistry and behavior of uranium with the coolant and pyroprocessing salts as proposed for use in future reactor designs. Discussed topics include the nature of U redox reactions involving the reduction of U(III) to U metal and oxidation of U(III) to U(IV). These systems have been interrogated using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and optical and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. Insights obtained into the electrode potentials, the uranium species, and their diffusion coefficients in alkali halide melts from decades of research are summarized selectively. Perspectives are provided on the importance of unifying studies for comparison across multiple institutions. The application of synchrotron radiation research and multimodal approaches involving two (or more) probes, such as the widespread combination of UV-Visible spectroscopy and electroanalysis known as spectroelectrochemistry, can provide new knowledge about the main process of uranium electrorefining—diffusion, as will be demonstrated here through the lack of comparable results.

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Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review—Fundamental Uranium Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy in Molten Salt Systems

Hege¹,

Jackson²,

Shafer³

2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Molten Salt technique is a simple and inexpensive technology to make new ceramic materials, (including one of them is PZT) by mixing stoichiometric oxides and followed by the sintering process at high temperatures in an atmosphere of salt solution. Sintering process is the main step of this technique, because some reaction mechanisms can occur from oxide components, including the diffusion process plays an important role, resulting in the formation of rather homogeneous compound 8) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 and PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3 Ceramic Powder by Use Molten Salt Method and Its Intermediate Product Analysis

Ahda

Mardiyanto²,

Taufiq³

et al. 2023

Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri

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Lead zirconat titanate, Pb(Zr1-x,Tix)O3 is a material with high piezoelectric properties and many studies have been carried out in development, in order to improve the materials quality in various applications. Therefore,one of them is the development of synthesis with the molten salt method in this study. Choice of the molten salt method is simply and and not expensive. The salt ratio of NaCl / KCl at 1: 1 in moles as a solvent medium was carried out in synthesizing Pb(Zr1-x,Tix)O3. Likewise, the salt ratio with reactant/basic material was 1: 1 in weight percentages. An intermediate product is obtained if the dynamics of chemical reactions in the diffusion process occur indirectly or in stages. To identify intermediate products in this synthesis process, the sintering temperature has been varied to 575, 675 and 775 oC for samples A, B and C, respectively. The results of these syntheses have been identified and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The Highscore program using the Rietveld method to identify the intermediate product content and each crystal structure has been applied in the rifenement process on the XRD intensity profile with a statistical error of less than 6%. Intermediate products have been obtained as follows, PbTiO3, PbZrO3 and Zr0.4Ti0.6O3. Whereas sample C has obtained two phases namely PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 and PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3 with tetragonal (P4mm) and rhombohedral crystal structures (R3c).

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The Coordination Chemistry of f‐Block Elements in Molten Salts

Jiang

Wang

Chai

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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The coordination chemistry of f-block elements (lanthanide and actinide) in molten salts has become a resounding topic in view of its great importance to the research and development (R&D) of molten salt reactors and pyroprocessing. In this Review article, a general overview of the coordination chemistry of f-block elements in molten salts is provided including past achievements and recent advances.Particular emphases are placed on the oxidation state, speciation, and solution structure of f-block metal ions in molten salts, as well as their relationships with the salt composition. Furthermore, this review briefly discusses the spectroscopic and theoretical methods that complement each other in revealing the coordination properties.

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Preparation of uranium(III) in a molten chloride salt: a redox mechanistic study

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Review—Fundamental Uranium Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy in Molten Salt Systems

Review—Fundamental Uranium Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy in Molten Salt Systems

The Synthesis of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 and PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3 Ceramic Powder by Use Molten Salt Method and Its Intermediate Product Analysis

The Coordination Chemistry of f‐Block Elements in Molten Salts

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