Preparation of visible-light responsive N–F-codoped TiO2 photocatalyst by a sol–gel-solvothermal method

Huang, Donggen; Liao, Shijun; Liu, Jun‐Min; Dang, Zhi; Petrik, Leslie

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.04.041

Cited by 212 publications

(146 citation statements)

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“…We attribute N 1s at 400 eV to N atoms from N-N, N-H, O-N, or N-containing organic compounds absorbed on the surface. 17 It has been reported that N 1s features appearing above 400 eV are due to a Ti-O-N linkage, 20 suggesting that doping within the crystal lattice is, in fact, interstitial in nature. On the basis of the XRD patterns of different TiO 2 films (Figure 3), nitric acid, HMT, and PEG seem to have a significant effect on the TiO 2 crystalline structure.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Doped and CdSe Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Films for Solar Energy Conversion Applications

et al. 2008

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Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (TiO 2 /N) nanoparticle thin films have been produced by a sol-gel method with hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) as the dopant source. The synthesized TiO 2 /N thin films have been sensitized with CdSe quantum dots (QDs) via a linking molecule, thioglycolic acid (TGA). Optical, morphological, structural, and photocurrent properties of the thin films with and without QD sensitization have been characterized by AFM, TEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemistry techniques. AFM measurements reveals that films with thicknesses of 150 and 1100 nm can be readily prepared, with an average TiO 2 particle size of 100 nm. TEM shows a uniform size distribution of CdSe QDs utilized in sensitizing the TiO 2 /N films. Doping of the TiO 2 crystal lattice by HMT was confirmed to be 0.6-0.8% by XPS. Differences in crystal phase caused by the precursors HMT, nitric acid, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are elucidated using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The resultant crystal phase of TiO 2 /N varies but is a mixture of anatase, brookite, and rutile phases. UV-visible absorption spectra show that N doping of TiO 2 causes a red-shifted absorption into the visible region, with an onset around 600 nm. Nitrogen doping is also responsible for the enhanced photocurrent response of the TiO 2 /N nanoparticle films in the visible region relative to undoped TiO 2 films. In addition, CdSe QDs linked to TiO 2 /N nanoparticles using TGA were found to significantly increase the photocurrent and power conversion of the films compared to standard TiO 2 /N films without QD sensitization. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) is 6% at 400 nm for TiO 2 /N-TGA-CdSe solid-state solar cells and 95% for TiO 2 /N-TGA-CdSe films near 300 nm in a Na 2 S electrolyte, which is much higher than that of undoped TiO 2 with QD sensitization or TiO 2 /N without QD sensitization. The power conversion efficiency (η) was found to be 0.84% with a fill factor (FF%) of 27.7% with 1100 nm thick TiO 2 /N-TGA-CdSe thin films. The results show that combining nitrogen doping with the QD sensitization of TiO 2 thin films is an effective and promising way to enhance the photoresponse in the near-UV and visible region, which is important for potential photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical applications.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Doped and CdSe Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Films for Solar Energy Conversion Applications

et al. 2008

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“…4)-6) The N-F-codoped TiO2 powders were prepared by either fluotitanate pyrolysis 4), 5) or sol-gel method. 6) All these methods need to calcine at high temperatures. So far, many attempts have been made to prepare ion-doped TiO2.…”

Section: )-3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal synthesis and evaluation of visible-light-active photocatalyst of (N, F)-codoped anatase TiO2 from an F-containing titanium chemical

Yamada

Gao

Nagai

2008

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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A visible light active TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized hydrothermally from an aqueous solution containing (NH4)2TiF6 and NH3 at 140 or 160°C. The prepared samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The prepared samples showed obvious absorption in the wavelength range of 400-550 nm with a red shift in the adsorption edge. It was found that the prepared samples exhibited photocatalytic activity on degradation of methylene blue (MB) in water under visible light. The ion-doped TiO2 obtained by hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 7 d had the highest photocatalytic activity. The formation of Ti-N and Ti-F bonds was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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“…Basically, nano-TiO 2 can only utilize 6% of the total solar irradiation in photocatalysis due to the large band gap of anatase nano-TiO 2 (3.2 eV), but doping techniques shift the activity of nano-dopedTiO 2 from the UV region to the visible light region [12]. This paper appraises different doping techniques [13] that widen the photocatalytic range from the ultraviolet to the visible light region, thus allowing for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under solar irradiation [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Photocatalytic Activity of Nano-Doped-TiO2 in the Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Tan

Wong

Mohamed

2011

ISRN Materials Science

112

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This paper aims to review and summarize the recent works on the photocatalytic degradation of various organic pollutants in the presence of nano-doped-TiO 2 photocatalysts. In this regard, three main aspects are examined: (a) the presence of various dopants (metal dopants, nonmetal dopants, halogen dopants, metalloid dopants, and codopants) in the formation of nano-doped-TiO 2 photocatalysts, (b) the effect of the presence of dopants on the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, and (c) the effects of various operating parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of nano-doped-TiO 2 photocatalysts. Reports resulted suggest that the formation of a high percentage of the anatase phase, small crystallite size, and high specific surface area of the nano-doped-TiO 2 photocatalysts depends on the presence of various dopants in the photocatalysts. The majority of the dopants have the potential to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of nano-doped-TiO 2 in the degradation of organic pollutants. The photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds depends on the calcination temperature of the prepared doped TiO 2 , initial reactant concentration, dosage of doped TiO 2 , and dopant doping concentration.

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Preparation of visible-light responsive N–F-codoped TiO2 photocatalyst by a sol–gel-solvothermal method

Cited by 212 publications

References 26 publications

Nitrogen-Doped and CdSe Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Films for Solar Energy Conversion Applications

Nitrogen-Doped and CdSe Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Films for Solar Energy Conversion Applications

Hydrothermal synthesis and evaluation of visible-light-active photocatalyst of (N, F)-codoped anatase TiO2 from an F-containing titanium chemical

An Overview on the Photocatalytic Activity of Nano-Doped-TiO2 in the Degradation of Organic Pollutants

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Preparation of visible-light responsive N–F-codoped TiO2 photocatalyst by a sol–gel-solvothermal method

Cited by 212 publications

References 26 publications

Nitrogen-Doped and CdSe Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films for Solar Energy Conversion Applications

Nitrogen-Doped and CdSe Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films for Solar Energy Conversion Applications

Hydrothermal synthesis and evaluation of visible-light-active photocatalyst of (N, F)-codoped anatase TiO2 from an F-containing titanium chemical

An Overview on the Photocatalytic Activity of Nano-Doped-TiO2 in the Degradation of Organic Pollutants

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Nitrogen-Doped and CdSe Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Films for Solar Energy Conversion Applications

Nitrogen-Doped and CdSe Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Films for Solar Energy Conversion Applications