Preparation of weak-textured commercially pure titanium by electron beam melting

Yamanaka, Kazushi; Saito, Wataru; Mori, M.; Matsumoto, Hiroaki; Chiba, Akihiko

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2015.09.007

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The prior β phase possessed a dominant <100> texture, which is a well know grain growth direction. The newly generated α’ phase had a typically crystallographic orientation relationship with the prior β phase (0001) hcp ∥(110) bcc , <11true2¯0> hcp ∥<111> bcc [21,32,33,34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Martensitic Transformation and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Prepared via Selective Laser Melting

Jiang

et al. 2019

Materials

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This article investigated the microstructure of Ti6Al4V that was fabricated via selective laser melting; specifically, the mechanism of martensitic transformation and relationship among parent β phase, martensite (α’) and newly generated β phase that formed in the present experiments were elucidated. The primary X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile test were combined to discuss the relationship between α’, β phase and mechanical properties. The average width of each coarse β columnar grain is 80–160 μm, which is in agreement with the width of a laser scanning track. The result revealed a further relationship between β columnar grain and laser scanning track. Additionally, the high dislocation density, stacking faults and the typical (10true1¯1) twinning were identified in the as-built sample. The twinning was filled with many dislocation lines that exhibited apparent slip systems of climbing and cross-slip. Moreover, the α + β phase with fine dislocation lines and residual twinning were observed in the stress relieving sample. Furthermore, both as-built and stress-relieved samples had a better homogeneous density and finer grains in the center area than in the edge area, displaying good mechanical properties by Feature-Scan. The α’ phase resulted in the improvement of tensile strength and hardness and decrease of plasticity, while the newly generated β phase resulted in a decrease of strength and enhancement of plasticity. The poor plasticity was ascribed to the different print mode, remained support structures and large thermal stresses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Martensitic Transformation and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Prepared via Selective Laser Melting

Jiang

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…The parallel platelets were identified as α″-Ti phase, being generated due to the rapid cooling to ambient temperature of the β-Ti phase. The α″-Ti phase shows preferred spatial orientation in relation with parent β-Ti phase due to the special Burgers relation between the β-Ti/α″-Ti phases [41][42][43][44]. Considering the ageing temperature (600 • C) and ageing duration (6 h), one can assume that during ageing the following phenomena occur: stress relieving and thermal induced transformation α -Ti/α"-Ti → α-Ti/β-Ti.…”

Section: Microstructure Evolution During Tm Processing Of Ti-6246 Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No transformation can be noticed in the case of parent β-Ti phase. If the ST temperature is above β-transus, then the α"-Ti phase is thermally induced from the parent β-Ti phase, when a higher cooling rate is applied [41][42][43][44], showing different crystalline system and lattice parameters (easily to discriminate between the parent β-Ti and α"-Ti diffraction peaks-see Figure 7).…”

Section: Mechanical Behaviour During Tm Processing Of Ti-6246 Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evolution during Solution and Ageing Treatment for a Hot Deformed, above β-transus, Ti-6246 Alloy

Alluaibi

Cojocaru

Rusea³

et al. 2020

Metals

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The present study investigates the influence of hot-deformation, above β-transus and different thermal treatments on the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of a commercially available Ti-6246 titanium-based alloy, by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), tensile and microhardness testing techniques. The as-received Ti-6246 alloy was hot-deformed—HR by rolling, at 1000 °C, with a total thickness reduction (total deformation degree) of 65%, in 4 rolling passes. After HR, different thermal (solution—ST and ageing—A) treatments were applied in order to induce changes in the alloy’s microstructure and mechanical behaviour. The applied solution treatments (ST) were performed at temperatures below and above β-transus (α → β transition temperature; approx. 935 °C), to 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C respectively, while ageing treatment at a fixed temperature of 600 °C. The STs duration was fixed at 27 min while A duration at 6 h. Microstructural characteristics of all thermomechanical (TM) processed samples and obtained mechanical properties were analysed and correlated with the TM processing conditions. The microstructure analysis shows that the applied TM processing route influences the morphology of the alloy’s constituent phases. The initial AR microstructure shows typical Widmanstätten/basket-weave-type grains which, after HR, are heavily deformed along the rolling direction. The STs induced the regeneration of α-Ti and β-Ti phases, as thin alternate lamellae/plate-like structures, showing preferred spatial orientation. Also, the STs induced the formation of α′-Ti/α″-Ti martensite phases within parent α-Ti/β-Ti phases. The ageing treatment (A) induces reversion of α′-Ti/α″-Ti martensite phases in parent α-Ti/β-Ti phases. Mechanical behaviour showed that both strength and ductility properties are influenced, also, by applied TM processing route, optimum properties being obtained for a ST temperature of 900 °C followed by ageing (ST2 + A state), when both strength and ductility properties are at their maximum (σUTS = 1279 ± 15 MPa, σ0.2 = 1161 ± 14 MPa, εf = 10.1 ± 1.3%).

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“…3(a) and (b) show the microstructures of the as-built and carburized Ti specimen, respectively, as observed in a direction perpendicular to the building direction. Note that with both specimens the microstructure at the surface is similar to that at the center, but the grains in the as-built Ti specimen grew along the build direction to produce an elongated, columnar grain structure typical of metallic materials fabricated by AM 9,16) . After carburizing, however, the microstructure was drastically altered to one of needle-shaped grains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This makes it difcult to manufacture Ti products with complex three-dimensional (3D) structures using conventional methods, but such products can be achieved with AM technology. Furthermore, commercially pure Ti fabricated by AM technology, typically has a higher strength and hardness due to the residual stress induced by the process 8,9) . Despite these improved mechanical properties, surface hardening may still be needed to provide suf cient wear resistance in industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmosphere Gas Carburizing for Improved Wear Resistance of Pure Titanium Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Kim

Lee

et al. 2017

Mater. Trans.

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In order to improve wear resistance of pure titanium fabricated by additive manufacturing, its surface was hardened by atmosphere gas carburizing. For the study, the pure titanium was fabricated by electron beam melting system. The microstructures and wear properties of the as-built and carburized titanium were investigated. After carburizing, hardness was increased and titanium carbides were precipitated in the surface region. The friction coef cients of the both specimens were estimated by dry sliding friction tests; the friction coef cient of carburized titanium is lower than that of as-built titanium. The improvement of wear property would be a result of high surface hardness and the slippery nature of titanium carbide formed on the surface.

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Preparation of weak-textured commercially pure titanium by electron beam melting

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

The Martensitic Transformation and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Prepared via Selective Laser Melting

The Martensitic Transformation and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Prepared via Selective Laser Melting

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evolution during Solution and Ageing Treatment for a Hot Deformed, above β-transus, Ti-6246 Alloy

Atmosphere Gas Carburizing for Improved Wear Resistance of Pure Titanium Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

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