Preparation, optimization and swelling study of carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS)–acid hydrogel

Abstract

In this study, sago starch was modified in order to enhance its physicochemical properties. Carboxymethylation was used to introduce a carboxymethyl group into a starch compound. The carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS) was used to prepare smart hydrogel by adding acetic acid into the CMSS powder as the crosslinking agent. The degree of substitution of the CMSS obtained was 0.6410. The optimization was based on the gel content and degree of swelling of the hydrogel. In this research, four parameters were studied in order to optimize the formation of CMSS–acid hydrogel. The parameters were; CMSS concentration, acetic acid concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature. From the data analyzed, 76.69% of optimum gel content was obtained with 33.77 g/g of degree of swelling. Other than that, the swelling properties of CMSS–acid hydrogel in different media such as salt solution, different pH of phosphate buffer saline solution as well as acidic and alkaline solution were also investigated. The results showed that the CMSS–acid hydrogel swelled in both alkaline and salt solution, while in acidic or low pH solution, it tended to shrink and deswell. The production of the hydrogel as a smart material offers a lot of auspicious benefits in the future especially related to swelling behaviour and properties of the hydrogel in different types of media.

Efficacy of genotype-matched Newcastle disease virus vaccine formulated in carboxymethyl sago starch acid hydrogel in chickens vaccinated via different routes

“…Examples include gelatin, chitosan, starch, and methylcellulose in preserving vaccine potency during the preparation and storage phase [ 30 31 ]. Tuan Mohamood [ 32 ] previously showed, using in vitro studies, that CMSS-AH is a potent vaccine stabilizer. Therefore, in the present study, the mIBS025 vaccine was prepared in CMSS-AH, and a standard vaccine stabilizer used in commercial vaccine production by MVP Malaysia and vaccinated various groups of chickens via the ED or DW routes.…”

“…CMSS-AH is a polysaccharide hydrogel developed from sago starch by Tuan Mohamood et al [ 33 ]. CMSS-AH was prepared using a series of chemical and heat modifications to maximize the water absorption and water retention properties in the form of CMSS-AH powder.…”

“…While several stabilizers, such as liposomes, lipoplexes, magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sorbitol-gelatin, and hydrogel, are widely used, recent studies have unlocked the prospects of polysaccharide hydrogels, such as gelatin, chitosan, starch, and methylcellulose, in preserving the vaccine potency during storage [ 30 31 ]. A previous study reported that carboxymethyl sago starch-acid hydrogel (CMSS-AH) powder could preserve the infectivity and antigenicity of the NDV LaSota strain (genotype II) for up to 30 d at room temperature [ 32 ]. The present study examined the protective efficacy of the NDV mIBS025 vaccine formulated in CMSS-AH and administered via different routes in SPF chickens.…”

Recent Development of Atmospheric Water Harvesting Materials: A Review

“…Dust, bacteria, and other particles in the air may adhere to the surface and block the pores, reducing water adsorption efficiency and capacity of the AWH materials during long-period operation. In addition, the acidic aqueous solution produced by the dissolution of acidic gases (SOx and NOx) would negatively affect the chemical structure of the AWH materials. , Furthermore, adsorbed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are easily released together with captured water, thereby reducing the quality of produced water. , The solution of this challenge relies on the antibacterial ability of the material itself as well as the structural design and function customization of the water adsorption device. Air pollutants, particles, and microorganisms adsorbed on the surface of the AWH material or entering the interior are difficult to remove automatically because of their large size or insolubility in water.…”

Glycerol/lemon juice/based green superabsorbent hydrogel cross-linked with maleic acid

“…The crystalline peaks at an angle (2θ) 18.21 and 21.47 were observed due to the presence of carboxylate crystalline phases on the polymer network an indication of the semi-crystalline nature of hydrogel HLG-2 (Mohamood et al, 2018). The peaks appearing at an angle (2θ) 25.52 and 27.83 were due to the tubular structure of carbon atoms in the hydrogel network of HLG-2 compared to an amorphous structure in HLG-1 (Mohamood et al, 2018). The peaks at (2θ) of 38.18, 40.19, 53.42, 54.88, and 62.48° may be attributed to the crystalline phase of carboxylate groups in HLG-2, (Naohara et al, 2017).…”