Preparation, testing and modelling of a hydrogen selective Pd/YSZ/SS composite membrane

Interlayer Properties of In-Situ Oxidized Porous Stainless Steel for Preparation of Composite Pd Membranes

“…In general, ceramic supports with a smooth surface and narrow pore sizes provide a better surface for the membrane preparation [28][29][30] but the limited mechanical resistance and diverse thermal expansion coefficient to that of palladium jeopardize the membrane lifespan [18]. On the other hand, metallic supports present an exceptional mechanical resistance that ensures good sealing and suitable integration in conventional stainless steel devices [31,32], although the rougher surface with relatively large pore sizes hinders the preparation of a thin and free-defect Pd film [31,33]. The incorporation of an additional intermediate layer is one of the most popular alternatives to overcome these problems [34][35][36] and, additionally, it is able to prevent metal interdiffusion processes that could cause a drastic permeation drop when operating at high temperatures [37].…”

“…The incorporation of an additional intermediate layer is one of the most popular alternatives to overcome these problems [34][35][36] and, additionally, it is able to prevent metal interdiffusion processes that could cause a drastic permeation drop when operating at high temperatures [37]. A wide variety of materials has been proposed to be used as intermediate layers, including silica [38,39], ceria [40][41][42], zirconia [22,33,43,44] and micron-sized nickel and alumina slurries [45], among others [37,[46][47][48][49]. In most cases, the calcination of the composite system is required in order to obtain the final structure of these materials [40,43] and, consequently, partial oxidation of the support is also produced.…”

Modelling of hydrogen perm-selective membrane reactors for catalytic methane steam reforming

“…Further details about the preparation, characterization and testing of the membrane can be found in a previous work [6]. Table 7 shows the most significant properties of the membrane taking into account for the modelling.…”

“…The aim of this section is to compare the simplified 1D model and the 2D model, and evaluate the significance of the differences. Simulations reported in this Section consider the composite Pd membrane and the Ru catalyst developed in previous works [6,19,40]. Taking into account the geometry of the reactor, the physical properties of the system and other restrictions, as indicated in the methodology section, five operation variables have been selected: inlet temperature (T in ), feed flow rate (Q G ) or space velocity (GHSV), outlet pressure ( p out ), excess of steam with respect to stoichiometric, and sweep to feed flow rates ratio.…”

Mathematical Modeling of an Integrated Membrane Reactor for Methane Steam Reforming

“…Also, micro-porous ceramic membranes(crystalline and amorphous) are promising materials, but the selectivity is still limited compared to the more expensive dense inorganic membranes because they separate hydrogen by size exclusion. Pd-alloys (mainly PdAg, Pd-Cu and Pd-X-Au) are used to decrease the embrittlement problem and the poisoning of membranes generating by the contact with H 2 S, CO and other pollutants [25,26]. Experimental studies and DFT-based calculations how that Pd in binary or ternary alloys improves the permeability of the membranes [27,28].…”