Preparation, use, and enlargement of ultrasmall gold particles in immunoelectron microscopy

Baschong, Werner; Stierhof, York‐Dieter

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19980701)42:1<66::aid-jemt8>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 61 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 120 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…AuNPs used in our study can be seen under TEM when directly applied to a TEM grid, but are too small to be easily recognized in the ultrathin sections of the tissues. However, after silver or gold enhancement, [33][34][35][36] nanoparticles are clearly seen. We confirmed specificity of the enhancement reaction by TEM and EDXS analysis and showed that silver enhancement enlarges a higher percentage of nanoparticles than gold enhancement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticles as physiological markers of urine internalization into urothelial cells in vivo

Hudoklin¹,

Zupančič²,

Makovec³

et al. 2013

IJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Urothelial bladder is the reservoir of urine and the urothelium minimizes the exchange of urine constituents with this tissue. Our aim was to test 1.9 nm biocompatible gold nanoparticles as a novel marker of internalization into the urothelial cells under physiological conditions in vivo. Methods: We compared normal and neoplastic mice urothelium. Neoplastic lesions were induced by 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water for 10 weeks. Nanoparticles, intravenously injected into normal and BBN-treated mice, were filtered through the kidneys and became constituents of the urine within 90 minutes after injection. Results: Gold nanoparticles were densely accumulated in the urine, while their internalization into urothelial cells depended on the cell differentiation stage. In the terminally differentiated superficial urothelial cells of normal animals, nanoparticles were occasionally found in the endosomes, but not in the fusiform vesicles. Regions of exfoliated cells were occasionally found in the normal urothelium. Superficial urothelial cells located next to exfoliated regions contained gold nanoparticles in the endosomes and in the cytosol beneath the apical plasma membrane. The urothelium of BBN-treated animals developed flat hyperplasia with moderate dysplasia. The superficial cells of BBN-treated animals were partially differentiated as demonstrated by the lack of fusiform vesicles. These cells contained the gold nanoparticles distributed in the endosomes and throughout their cytosol. Conclusion: Gold nanoparticles are a valuable marker to study urine internalization into urothelial cells in vivo. Moreover, they can be used as a sensitive marker of differentiation and functionality of urothelial cells.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticles as physiological markers of urine internalization into urothelial cells in vivo

Hudoklin¹,

Zupančič²,

Makovec³

et al. 2013

IJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We chose to use a DAB technique in rendering antibodies into electron dense particles because of its high sensitivity (or low threshold) to tag antibody-antigen complexes when compared to other visualization techniques available, such as silver enhancement of ultra-small colloidal gold tagged secondary antibodies or postembedding visualization with colloidal gold (Baschong and Stierhof, 1998). This is particularly important when measuring a ratio of labeled synapses to all synapses, because high sensitivity for antibody-antigen complexes increases the signal to background ratio, and reduces the possibility that labeling intensity falls below detection threshold at experimental conditions at which receptor proteins are downregulated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory activity differentially modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits 2A and 2B in cortical layers

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activity-dependent modulation of NMDA receptors containing selective NR2 subunits has been implicated in plastic processes in developing and adult sensory cortex. Aiming to reveal differential sensitivity of NR2 subunits to sustained changes in sensory activity, we utilized four paradigms that blocked, reinstated, or initiated sensory visual activity. Laminar prevalence of NR2A-and NR2B-containing synapses in visual cortex of postnatal and adult ferrets was assessed using quantitative electron microscopy. Light-deprivation at all ages resulted in a downregulation of NR2A, while recovery from deprivation resulted in an upregulation. Furthermore, premature eyelid opening caused a precocious increase of NR2A. Thus, transitions between periods of dark and light rapidly and bidirectionally regulate NR2A, regardless of cortical layer or age. In contrast, NR2B regulation is layer-and age-dependent. Only in layer IV, NR2B prevalence displays a one-time decline about three weeks after the initiation of sensory activity upon normal or premature eyelid opening, or upon termination of dark-rearing. Incongruity in patterns of NR2A and NR2B modulation by activity is consistent with involvement of these subunits in two distinct, yet partially co-occurring processes: developmental plasticity with a critical period, and life-long plasticity that is established in early developmental ages. Keywords ferret; glutamate receptors; immuno electron microscopy; ocular dominance plasticity; NMDAR Activity dependent modulation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR) has been proposed to underlie a wide range of cortical processes, including critical period plasticity of thalamocortical innervation, elicitation of LTP/LTD, metaplasticity in both developing and adult brains, and the development and maintenance of orientation selectivity (Kleinschmidt et al. 1987;Bear et al. 1990;Abraham and Bear 1996;Roberts et al. 1998;Bear and Rittenhouse 1999;Quinlan et al. 1999a;Quinlan et al. 1999b;Philpot et al. 2001;Ramoa et al. 2001;Rivadulla et al. 2001;Fagiolini et al. 2003;Sawtell et al. 2003;Cao et al. 2007;Philpot et al. 2007). Notable functional heterogeneity of NMDAR at different ages, brain structures, cortical Corresponding Author: Alev Erisir, University of Virginia, 102 Gilmer Hall, P.O. 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, erisir@virginia.edu, (434)-982-4753. The first two authors contributed equally to this work.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 October 20. NIH-PA Author Manuscript...

show abstract

“…Our current knowledge of hemicellulose deposition is from TEM studies where hemicellulose has been labeled with gold-tagged antibodies (157). Use of antibodies tagged with nanometer-sized gold particles is routine in biological microscopy (158).…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools for the Characterization of Biomass at the Nanometer Scale

Beecher

Hunt

Zhu

2009

The Nanoscience and Technology of Renewable Biomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Preparation, use, and enlargement of ultrasmall gold particles in immunoelectron microscopy

Cited by 61 publications

References 120 publications

Gold nanoparticles as physiological markers of urine internalization into urothelial cells in vivo

Gold nanoparticles as physiological markers of urine internalization into urothelial cells in vivo

Sensory activity differentially modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits 2A and 2B in cortical layers

Tools for the Characterization of Biomass at the Nanometer Scale

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About