Preparative and Industrial Scale Chromatography: Green and Integrated Processes

9.08 Use of Industrial Scale Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

“…It is more desirable to achieve a flatter distribution. 31,61,62 The mesh design helps significantly compared to the sintered frit design, but for large columns a distributor plate is usually inserted under the frit, forcing the distribution more evenly across the entire diameter. As a result, a flatter elution band is achieved resulting in more efficient columns with much less tailing.…”

“…Column suppliers have studied this problem carefully, and with the development of powerful hydrodynamic modeling software such as ANSYS Fluent, the representation of the inlet and outlet of the column is possible. 62 In the past, sintered frits were used but were replaced in the mid-1990s by mesh frits. The mesh frits are…”

Sustainable separations in pharmaceutical manufacturing

“…For a company or research institute operating 100 HPLC with 50% capacity, the annual generated solvent waste would reach 20,000 L. In the case of laboratory scale flash chromatography, the average flow rate is one or two magnitudes higher (10-100 mL min -1 ) as well as the generated waste/sequence run [27]. Using a production scale chromatography system, where the linear scale-up factor could easily increase 30,000-1,000,000-fold, an approximate flow rate is approximately 1,200 L h -1 resulting in 5.3 million L of solvent waste being generated annually (50% capacity) [87]. Consequently, the implementation of solvents from sustainable sources and the recycling of these solvents in analytical and industrial scale chromatography processes are crucial for both green chemistry and expenditure perspective [88,89].…”