Preparing Agricultural Residue Based Adsorbents for Removal of Dyes From Effluents - A Review

Abstract

-Industries engaged in dyeing operation generate coloured effluent due to the presence of spent dyes. Adsorption is among the various treatment processes employed for removal of dyes from effluents. Activated carbon is mostly used as an adsorbent in the treatment process. Attempts have been made by researchers to use non-conventional, low-cost, naturally-occurring biomass as adsorbents, including fruit peals, seeds, leaves, bark, sawdust, straw, ash, sludge and others that are abundantly available. The literature indicates that the dye adsorption capacities of these non-conventional biomasses largely depend on the methods of processing and the types of dyes. This review highlights methods used to prepare the adsorbents, along with their adsorption capacity for removal of different dyes from effluents.

Eriochrome black adsorption on yellow passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis f. Flavicarpa) treated with sodium hydroxide and nitric acid: study of adsorption isotherms, kinetic models and thermodynamic parameters

“…Synthetic dyes are widely used due to their advantages over natural dyes [2]. The yearly production of synthetic dyes reaches 700,000 tons/year, and about 10 to 15% of the dyes used by industries reach the effluents [3]. It is expected that the textile industry alone releases approximately 100 tons/year of dyes in aqueous effluents [4].…”

“…Effluent treatment containing acid dyes has been widely studied as they represent a growing market and are efficient for coloring cotton. Nevertheless, more than 30% of the dye applied in the dyeing process is lost by hydrolysis in alkaline medium used, and conventional effluent treatment plants are not effective for anionic dye removal [3,7]. There exists a number of procedures that may be employed to wastewater treatment, as photocatalysis [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], electro-coagulation [24,25] and membrane technology [17,26].…”

“…Among these materials, fruit peels produced by processing in the food industry may represent an economical and renewable source of adsorbents for effluents treatment [30]. Various fruit peels have been tested as a low-cost adsorbent, such as orange peel, banana peel and passion fruit peel [3,29]. Other non-lignocellulosic low-cost adsorbents include bagasse fly ash [31], waste rubber tires [32][33][34], de-oiled soya [35], Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles [36], guar gum-nano zinc oxide [37], activated carbon [38] among others.…”

Biocarvão Como Suporte Para Nanocatalisadores E Eletrodos Para Supercapacitor

“…Activated nanoporous carbons are currently prepared from a high carbon content precursor, such as polymer, mineral carbon or biomass waste [6]. Biomass waste is a renewable source, with low cost, available in large amounts and can be used for multiple energetic purposes [7,8,9,10]. The use of biomass derived carbons (biocarbons) as active electrode materials for supercapacitors and as nanocatalysts support for EOR has been reported over the last years with promising results [11,12,13,14].…”

“…The use of biomass derived carbons (biocarbons) as active electrode materials for supercapacitors and as nanocatalysts support for EOR has been reported over the last years with promising results [11,12,13,14]. The biomass nature and the activation method determine the nanoporous carbon properties, surface chemistry, electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of the materials [8,9,11,15]. Furthermore, nanoporous carbon materials may have different types of oxygenated and/or nitrogenated surface functional groups [6].…”