Preparing for climate change in Washington State

Binder, L.C. Whitely; Barcelos, Jennifer Krencicki; Booth, Derek B.; Darzen, Meriel; Elsner, Marketa M.; Fenske, Richard A.; Graham, Thomas F.; Hamlet, Alan F.; Hodges-Howell, John; Jackson, J. Elizabeth; Karr, Catherine J.; Keys, Patrick; Littell, Jeremy S.; Mantua, Nathan J.; Marlow, Jennifer; McKenzie, Don; Robinson-Dorn, Michael; Rosenberg, E. A.; Stöckle, Claudio O.; Vano, J. A.

doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9850-5

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Local adaptation planning and actions are unfolding in municipalities of varying sizes and in diverse geographical areas. Communities such as Keene, New Hampshire; New York City, New York; King County, Washington; and Chicago, Illinois are vanguards in the creation of climate adaptation strategies (Binder et al 2010;Solecki and Rosenzweig 2012). These communities are now implementing their strategies-such as stormwater pipe replacement in Keene, green infrastructure installations in New York City, and green roofs in Chicago (Carter and Fowler 2008;Cruce 2009;Hamin and Gurran 2009;Kessler 2011;Rosenzweig et al 2011a;Sussman 2009 Tribal governments have also been active in assessing and preparing for the impacts of climate change.…”

Section: Local/regional and Tribal Governmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed

Bierbaum

Smith

Lee

et al. 2012

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

372

202

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We reviewed existing and planned adaptation activities of federal, tribal, state, and local governments and the private sector in the United States (U.S.) to understand what types of adaptation activities are underway across different sectors and scales throughout the country. Primary sources of review included material officially submitted for consideration in the upcoming 2013 U.S. National Climate Assessment and supplemental peer-reviewed and grey literature. Although substantial adaptation planning is occurring in various sectors, levels of government, and the private sector, few measures have been implemented and even fewer have been evaluated. Most adaptation actions to date appear to be incremental changes, not the transformational changes that may be needed in certain cases to adapt to significant changes in climate. While there appear to be no one-size-fits-all adaptations, there Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change (2013) are similarities in approaches across scales and sectors, including mainstreaming climate considerations into existing policies and plans, and pursuing no-and low-regrets strategies. Despite the positive momentum in recent years, barriers to implementation still impede action in all sectors and across scales. The most significant barriers include lack of funding, policy and institutional constraints, and difficulty in anticipating climate change given the current state of information on change. However, the practice of adaptation can advance through learning by doing, stakeholder engagements (including "listening sessions"), and sharing of best practices. Efforts to advance adaptation across the U.S. and globally will necessitate the reduction or elimination of barriers, the enhancement of information and best practice sharing mechanisms, and the creation of comprehensive adaptation evaluation metrics.

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Section: Local/regional and Tribal Governmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed

Bierbaum

Smith

Lee

et al. 2012

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

372

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Adapting to climate change can be done in anticipation of climate change impacts (anticipatory adaptation where proactive steps are taken) or in response to climate events (reactive adaptation) (Binder et al, 2010). Anticipatory adaptation occurs when governments, businesses, or private citizens take proactive steps to reduce the negative consequences of projected climate change impacts and can also be used to maximize the benefits of climate change, such as a longer growing season (Binder et al, 2010). Smit and Skinner (2002) set out four main types of adaptation options for agriculture in Canada:…”

Section: Future Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the impact of climate change on future nitrate concentrations in groundwater of the UK

Stuart

Gooddy

Bloomfield

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

145

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This paper reviews the potential impacts of climate change on nitrate concentrations in groundwater of the UK using a Source-Pathway-Receptor framework. Changes in temperature, precipitation quantity and distribution, and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will affect the agricultural nitrate source term through changes in both soil processes and agricultural productivity. Non-agricultural source terms, such as urban areas and atmospheric deposition, are also expected to be affected. The implications for the rate of nitrate leaching to groundwater as a result of these changes are not yet fully understood but predictions suggest that leaching rate may increase under future climate scenarios. Climate change will affect the hydrological cycle with changes to recharge, groundwater levels and resources and flow processes. These changes will impact on concentrations of nitrate in abstracted water and other receptors, such as surface water and groundwater-fed wetlands.The implications for nitrate leaching to groundwater as a result of climate changes are not yet well enough understood to be able to make useful predictions without more site-specific data.The few studies which address the whole cycle show likely changes in nitrate leaching ranging from limited increases to a possible doubling of aquifer concentrations by 2100.These changes may be masked by nitrate reductions from improved agricultural practices, but a range of adaption measures need to be identified. Future impact may also be driven by economic responses to climate change. The study draws on extensive literature mainly from the UK and so presents a UK-based perspective, although literature for other temperate climates is included to augment that from Keywordsthe UK and to demonstrate that the proposed framework and general conclusions have a wider applicability.The principal N input to UK groundwater is derived from manures, fertilisers, sewage sludges and crop residues in agricultural areas (DEFRA, 2006). There are also smaller inputs from urban point sources and aerial deposition (Wakida and Lerner, 2005). N fertiliser can be applied as urea or ammonia, as well as nitrate, but the non-nitrate forms are generally converted rapidly to nitrate in the soils of the UK (MAFF, 1999). A small percentage of applied N is lost to the atmosphere as NH 3 , NO or N 2 O (Destouni and Darracq, 2009;Skiba et al., 1997;Sommer and Hutchings, 1995). A proportion of soil N is leached as nitrate from the base of the soil. This is either stored in, or transmitted through, the unsaturated zone to groundwater. groundwater. They found that although an ensemble average suggests there will be about a 5% reduction in annual potential groundwater recharge across the study area, this was not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level and more importantly observed that the spread of results for simulated changes in annual potential groundwater recharge range from a 26% decrease to a 31% increase by the 2080s, with ten GCMs predicting a decrease and three a...

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“…Whitely Binder et al (2010) discuss fundamental concepts for planning for climate change and identify options for adapting to the climate impacts evaluated in the WACCIA. Adaptation is defined as adjustments in physical, ecological, economic, and social systems that can compensate for climate impacts.…”

Section: Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anticipatory adaptation occurs when proactive steps are taken to reduce the negative consequences of climate change. Whitely Binder et al (2010) argue that anticipatory adaptation is generally less costly than reactive adaptation, and has the potential to avoid irreversible impacts, though a priori proof is necessarily lacking. Additionally, adapting to climate change likely will be more effective when adaptation efforts address both the climatic and non-climatic stresses affecting a system's vulnerability.…”

Section: Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing regional impacts and adaptation strategies for climate change: the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment

et al. 2010

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Climate change in the twenty-first century will strongly affect the processes that define natural and human systems. The Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment (WACCIA) was intended to identify the nature and effects of climate change on natural and human resources in Washington State over the next century. The assessment focused on eight sectors that were identified as being potentially most climate sensitive: agriculture, energy, salmon, urban stormwater infrastructure, forests, human health, coasts, and water resources. Most of these sectors are sensitive in one way or another to water availability. While water is generally abundant in the state under current climate conditions, its availability is highly variable in space and time, and these variations are expected to change as the climate warms. Here we summarize the results of the WACCIA and identify uncertainties and common mechanisms that relate many of the impacts. We also address cross-sectoral sensitivities, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies.

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Preparing for climate change in Washington State

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed

A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed

A review of the impact of climate change on future nitrate concentrations in groundwater of the UK

Assessing regional impacts and adaptation strategies for climate change: the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment

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