Prepartum level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to nulliparous cows: Lactation and reproductive responses

Zimpel, R.; Almeida, K.V.; Marinho, M. Nehme; Ruiz, A.; Perdomo, M.C.; Poindexter, M.B.; Husnain, A.; Vieira-Neto, A.; Silva, A.C.M.; Arshad, Usman; Nelson, Corwin D.; Santos, J. E. P.

doi:10.3168/jds.2021-20485

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…One could postulate that some of the fatty acids detected in the calf's blood in the first hour of life might have originated from the dams through placental supply (Perazzolo et al, 2017). Acidogenic diets reduce DMI in prepartum cows (Zimpel et al, 2018), which was observed in the present experiment reported by Zimpel et al (2021a), and metabolic acidosis induced by acidogenic diets is known to reduce tissue insulin signaling in cows (Vieira-Neto et al, 2021). Perhaps the increased serum fatty acids in calves reflect increased maternal transfer of fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Effects of maternal level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to prepartum nulliparous cows on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, and growth

Zimpel

Marinho

Almeida

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives were to determine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) fed to pregnant cows during the last 22 d of gestation on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, growth, and health preweaning. A total of 132 nulliparous Holstein cows were enrolled at 250 (248 to 253) d of gestation in a randomized block design. Cows were blocked by genomic merit of energy-corrected milk yield and assigned randomly to diets varying in DCAD: +200 (P200, n = 43), −50 (N50, n = 45), or −150 (N150, n = 44) mEq/kg of dry matter (DM). Newborn calves (15 males and 28 females in P200, 22 males and 23 females in N50, and 18 males and 26 females in N150) were followed for the first 7 or 56 d of age if males or females, respectively. Measures of acid-base balance and concentrations of minerals in blood were measured in all calves on d 0 before colostrum feeding, and on d 1, 3, and 7. Each calf was fed 3.78 L of colostrum from the respective treatment, and apparent efficiency of IgG absorption was determined. All calves were weighed at birth, and females were weighed again at 21, 42, and 56 d of age. Concentrations in serum of total calcium (tCa), total magnesium (tMg), and total phosphorus (tP) were measured up to 56 d of age; intakes of milk and starter grain DM were measured daily from 21 to 56 d of age; and incidence of disease was recorded for the first 56 d of age in females. Treatment did not affect acid-base balance measured in all calves. Calves were born with metabolic and respiratory acidosis, which reversed by 1 d of age. In the first 24 h after birth, blood pH increased from 7.215 to 7.421 and bicarbonate from 26.2 to 31.7 mM, whereas partial pressure of CO 2 decreased from 64.1 to 48.7 mm of Hg in all treatments. Maternal DCAD did not affect colostrum IgG content fed to calves (P200 = 95.0 vs. N50 = 91.0 vs. N150 = 97.1 ± 4.1 g/L) or apparent efficiency of IgG absorption (P200 = 33.1 vs. N50 = 33.1 vs. N150 = 34.2 ± 1.9%). Males were born heavier than females, but maternal DCAD did not affect birth weight of all calves (P200 = 37.7 vs. N50 = 37.3 vs. N150 = 37.8 ± 0.7 kg) or daily weight gain in females in the first 56 d of life (P200 = 0.80 vs. N50 = 0.81 vs. N150 = 0.77 ± 0.03 kg/d). Treatment did not affect intake of milk (P200 = 1.11 vs. N50 = 1.04 vs. N150 = 1.19 ± 0.06 kg/d) or starter grain DM (P200 = 0.27 vs. N50 = 0.27 vs. N150 = 0.21 ± 0.06 kg/d), or measures of feed efficiency. Treatment did not affect concentrations of minerals in serum, morbidity, or age at morbidity. Manipulating the DCAD of pregnant nulliparous dams during late gestation did not affect offspring performance in the first 2 mo of age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Effects of maternal level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to prepartum nulliparous cows on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, and growth

Zimpel

Marinho

Almeida

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In line with our findings, dietary zeolite supplementation during the last week of the pre-calving period significantly increased blood serum calcium concentration [ 2 , 14 ]. Conclusively, available reports have shown that feeding clinoptilolite or zeolite in the prepartum ration of dairy cows can reduce the frequency of hypocalcemia and prevent milk fever because zeolite can stabilize calcium in the intestinal tract and make it unabsorbable, which stimulates the physiological and hormonal mechanisms involved in increasing the level of blood Ca concentration [ 2 , 8 , 18 , 21 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important solution is restricted calcium availability, and the second solution is to make the cation-anion difference of the diet dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) negative [ 5 – 7 ]. Decreasing the DCAD value to a level of—100 milliequivalents per kilogram (meq/kg) of dry matter (DM) induces mild acidosis and the release of parathyroid hormone at the time of delivery [ 8 , 9 ], which finally increases the amount of calcium absorption from the bones and will prevent milk fever and hypocalcemia [ 2 , 3 ]. To reduce the availability of dietary calcium, restricted rations during the transition period based on National Research Council (NRC) recommendations are used to control (CON) hypocalcemia [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolite-supplemented diets in the prenatal period affected postpartum reproductive parameters, colostrum production, and body condition score of dairy cows

Movahedi,

Foroudi,

Karimi

et al. 2023

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: The effect of zeolite on Ca plasma concentration, reproductive parameters, body condition score (BCS), and colostrum properties was evaluated in Holstein dairy cows during the postpartum period. Materials and Methods: Sixty pregnant cows were allocated to three experimental groups, including 1) a control (CON) diet; 2) a CON diet + 0.75% dry matter (DM) zeolite (100 gm/day/cow); and 3) a CON diet + 1.5% DM zeolite (200 gm/day/cow). Experimental diets were fed to cows during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy. Blood sample evaluation for Ca concentration was done. The prevalence of hypocalcemia and reproductive parameters, including BCS and colostrum properties, was also measured. Results: Total Ca and ionized calcium (Ca++) concentrations in plasma at 6 and 12 h after calving were higher in zeolite-consuming cows than those in CON s (p < 0.01). Mean frequencies for severe and subclinical hypocalcemia in zeolite-consuming cows were 11.64% and 19.36% lower than those in the CON group, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean pregnancy efficiency of these cows was also 12.94% higher than the CON (p < 0.01). The mean BCS (p ≤ 0.05) and colostrum quality (p < 0.01) of zeolite-consuming cows were at maximum, but their mean colostrum yield was lower than that of the CON group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Zeolite dietary supplementation at levels of 0.75% and 1.5% DM of the preparturient diet is recommended for better CON of hypocalcemia, improved BCS and colostrum quality, and better prevention of postpartum reproductive disorders in dairy cows.

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“…However, the authors also identified the need to further understand the role of feeding acidogenic diets to nulliparous cows because of the scarcity and heterogeneity of the data currently available. Indeed, recent work showed limited benefits to feeding acidogenic diets to prepartum nulliparous cows [179,180]. Diet-induced metabolic acidosis is achieved by manipulating the mineral composition of the diet to result in a negative DCAD [181].…”

Section: Methods To Prevent Periparturient Mineral Imbalance 61 Alter...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Periparturient Mineral Metabolism: Implications to Health and Productivity

Vieira-Neto,

Lean,

Santos

2024

Animals

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Mineral metabolism, in particular Ca, and to a lesser extent phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), is altered with the onset of lactation because of extensive irreversible loss to synthesize colostrum and milk. The transient reduction in the concentration of Ca in blood, particularly when it lasts days, increases the risk of mineral-related disorders such as hypocalcemia and, to a lesser extent, hypophosphatemia. Although the incidence of clinical hypocalcemia can be reduced by prepartum dietary interventions, subclinical hypocalcemia remains prevalent, affecting up to 60% of the dairy cows in the first 3 d postpartum. More importantly, strong associations exist between hypocalcemia and increased susceptibility to other peripartum diseases and impaired reproductive performance. Mechanistic experiments have demonstrated the role of Ca on innate immune response in dairy cows, which presumably predisposes them to other diseases. Hypocalcemia is not related to inadequate Ca intake as prepartum diets marginal to deficient in Ca reduce the risk of the disease. Therefore, the understanding of how Ca homeostasis is regulated, in particular how calciotropic hormones such as parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, affect blood Ca concentrations, gastrointestinal Ca absorption, bone remodeling, and renal excretion of Ca become critical to develop novel strategies to prevent mineral imbalances either by nutritional or pharmacological interventions. A common method to reduce the risk of hypocalcemia is the manipulation of the prepartum dietary cation-anion difference. Feeding acidogenic diets not only improves Ca homeostasis and reduces hypocalcemia, but also reduces the risk of uterine diseases and improves productive performance. Feeding diets that induce a negative Ca balance in the last weeks of gestation also reduce the risk of clinical hypocalcemia, and recent work shows that the incorporation of mineral sequestering agents, presumably by reducing the absorption of P and Ca prepartum, increases blood Ca at calving, although benefits to production and health remain to be shown. Alternative strategies to minimize subclinical hypocalcemia with the use of vitamin D metabolites either fed prepartum or as a pharmacological agent administered immediately after calving have shown promising results in reducing hypocalcemia and altering immune cell function, which might prove efficacious to prevent diseases in early lactation. This review summarizes the current understanding of Ca homeostasis around parturition, the limited knowledge of the exact mechanisms for gastrointestinal Ca absorption in bovine, the implications of hypocalcemia on the health of dairy cows, and discusses the methods to minimize the risk of hypocalcemia and their impacts on productive performance and health in dairy cows.

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Prepartum level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to nulliparous cows: Lactation and reproductive responses

Abstract: Supplemental Table 1. Characteristics of nulliparous cows enrolled in the experiment according to treatment Treatment 1 P-value 2 Item P200 N50 N150 SEM Linear Quadratic Cows 43 45

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of maternal level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to prepartum nulliparous cows on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, and growth

Effects of maternal level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to prepartum nulliparous cows on offspring acid-base balance, metabolism, and growth

Zeolite-supplemented diets in the prenatal period affected postpartum reproductive parameters, colostrum production, and body condition score of dairy cows

Periparturient Mineral Metabolism: Implications to Health and Productivity

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