Prerequisites for cultivating frost-resistant peach varieties in the Right-Bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The necessity of cultivating frost-resistant peach varieties in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine arises due to frequent sharp fluctuations in air temperature during the winter-spring period. Their cultivation can mitigate the impact of weather conditions, ensuring stable fruit production of this crop. The study aimed to analyse the prospects for growing peaches (Prunus persica Mill.) using intensive technologies under changing climate conditions. An analysis of the peach-growing situation revealed that it is a widely cultivated drupe in Ukraine and globally. The main countries leading in peach fruit production were identified: China, Italy, Turkey, Greece, and Spain. Despite a 24% increase in global peach production between 2013 and 2023, the demand for this crop has also risen, leading to a deficit and increased imports to Ukraine. Calculations of the scientifically justified annual consumption norms for peaches showed a shortfall of 187 thousand tonnes in production, with current production standing at 11.2 thousand tonnes. Several factors hindering the expansion of peach orchards were identified. The development of frost-resistant varieties by breeders, suitable for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, alongside changing weather conditions, offers opportunities for the safe cultivation of peaches in the region. An analysis of the weather conditions in the Right-Bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was conducted. It was found that between 2013 and 2023, there was a significant increase in the total active temperatures, with 2023 recording a maximum of 3,777°C. At the same time, precipitation decreased by 58%, amounting to only 325 mm. Considering the changing weather conditions and the development of new frost-resistant varieties, which have expanded the peach cultivation zone to northern regions of Ukraine, it is essential to prepare and implement specific measures to adapt the horticultural industry to peach cultivation in these new regions to meet domestic market demands. It is recommended to initiate trials in irrigated horticulture and develop new methodological guidelines to provide scientific support for establishing perennial peach orchards in the Right-Bank part of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine