Prerequisites for the emergence of the artistic movement of Tobaism in the fine arts of Kazakhstan

Abstract

Introduction: Based on the archetypal approach the authors of the article consider the preconditions for the emergence of one of the forms of ancient religion totemism and its reflection in the current tobaism at the present stage in the fine arts of Kazakhstan. The authors show that the development of totemism in the process of historical dynamics lines up in a sequential chain: the origin of religion - a complex of beliefs and rituals - totemism - religious and social system - remnants of totemism preserved in modern religions - transformations of totems images in modern art. Describes the features of artistic imagery of the paintings of the artist Kozhagulov Tokkozhi, dedicated to totem animals. Materials and Methods: This methodology implies a deep knowledge of the history of totemism, the study of its ancient origins based on the principle of meaningful continuity of cultural and historical experience. Results and Discussion We are talking about the recreation of the cult of totems as an experience of reproduction of ethno-cultural identity in modern conditions. Totemism is analyzed as a religious-social system in the space of modern culture, introduced into it based on a special methodology of recreation. Conclusions: The authors conclude that the artistic current of tobaism reflects the core of the spiritually forming creative method of the artist, in which beliefs and myths of our distant ancestors have found a reality, reflecting the system of spiritual, aesthetic and artistic values of the Kazakh ethnos. To substantiate the features of the emergence of a new artistic movement Tobaism.

Assessment of wastewater impact on a natural reservoir in Kyrgyzstan

“…During the review of literary sources and publications in specialised editions devoted to the examined problem, the main purpose was to select relevant and progressive works on the issues of the selected subject to evaluate the current state of research in this area. The materials of this research are a set of works and research results of modern Kyrgyz (4)(5)(6) and foreign scientists (1-3; 7) , analytical materials (9) , and publications in scientific and metric databases (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) . The activities in the course of the research, which had the purpose of identifying typical features and regularities of the examined problems, opportunities for optimising the situation and finding the most beneficial solutions, were conducted using the method of generalisation.…”

“…More than half of the river flow resources in Kyrgyzstan (34.7 km 3 ) belong to the high-mountain and glacial-naval natural belts. Thus, the areas located near mountain ranges are maximally provided with water resources (4) . Wastewater collection in the Kyrgyz Republic accounts for about 70% of the total water supply (6) .…”

“…The decrease in the quality of wastewater treatment and deterioration of water indicators of natural open reservoirs is primarily due to the deterioration of financing of the industry. Only 30% of wastewater treatment facilities in the country meet sanitary standards, and 40% of the total number do not perform their functions at all, which indicates the criticality of the situation (4) . The situation with wastewater treatment is catastrophic in the cities of Naryn, Osh, Tokmok, Karakol, Jalal-Abad, Balykchy, and Chol-pon-Ata (6) .…”

“…Comber et al (3) . Scientists of Kyrgyzstan pay special attention to the toxic and carcinogenic properties of some components of wastewater from industry and municipal services (4)(5)(6) . Modern scientists S. Bonetta et al (7,8) and H. Hamdhani et al (9) come to the conviction that many destructive changes in aquatic ecosystems, difficult to regenerate, are provoked by large-scale releases of toxic substances from industrial processes.…”