Preschool hyperactivity is associated with long‐term economic burden: evidence from a longitudinal health economic analysis of costs incurred across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood

Chorozoglou, Maria; Smith, Elizabeth; Koerting, Johanna; Thompson, Margaret; Sayal, Kapil; Sonuga‐Barke, Edmund

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12437

Cited by 66 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Preschool hyperactivity, and its correlated elements of impulsivity and inattention, has been shown to be associated with academic underachievement [4, 5] and mental health disorders in late adolescence [5, 6]; and anti-social activities and drug use in adulthood [7–9]. It is also associated with substantially increased service burden from childhood onward [10]. Furthermore, it appears that hyperactivity itself, at least in part, drives such associations rather than other co-occurring behavioral problems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preschool hyperactivity specifically elevates long-term mental health risks more strongly in males than females: a prospective longitudinal study through to young adulthood

Smith

Meyer

Koerting

et al. 2016

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evidence of continuities between preschool hyperactivity and adult mental health problems highlights the potential value of targeting early identification and intervention strategies. However, specific risk factors are currently unclear. This large-scale prospective longitudinal study aimed to identify which hyperactive preschoolers are at the greatest long-term risk of poor mental health. One hundred and seventy children (89 females) rated as hyperactive by their parents, and 88 non-hyperactive controls (48 females) were identified from a community sample of 4215 3-year-olds. Baseline data relating to behavioral/emotional problems and background characteristics were collected. Follow-up mental health and functional impairment outcomes were collected between 14 and 25 years of age. At age 3 years, males and females in the hyperactive group had similarly raised levels of hyperactivity and other behavior problems. In adolescence/young adulthood, these individuals showed elevated symptoms of ADHD, conduct disorder, mood disorder, anxiety and autism, as well as functional impairment. Preschool hyperactivity was strongly predictive of poor adolescent/adult outcomes for males across domains with effects being specifically driven by hyperactivity. For females, the effects of preschool hyperactivity were smaller and dropped to non-significant levels when other preschool problems were taken into account. Environmental risk factors also differed between the sexes, although these may also have been mediated by genetic risk. In conclusion, these results demonstrate marked sex differences in preschool predictors of later adolescent/adult mental health problems. Future research should include a measure of preschool inattention as well as hyperactivity. The findings highlight the potential value of tailored approaches to early identification strategies.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preschool hyperactivity specifically elevates long-term mental health risks more strongly in males than females: a prospective longitudinal study through to young adulthood

Smith

Meyer

Koerting

et al. 2016

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even in the early stages the condition is associated with significant impairment [6], but the problems often escalate as children grow, giving rise to substantial difficulties in later life [7–9]. In a recent prospective study it was estimated that high levels of preschool ADHD symptoms were associated with a 17-fold increase in economic burden to the mental health, education and criminal justice systems by early adulthood [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention training for infants at familial risk of ADHD (INTERSTAARS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Goodwin

Salomone

Bolton

et al. 2016

Trials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that can negatively impact on an individual’s quality of life. It is pathophysiologically complex and heterogeneous with different neuropsychological processes being impaired in different individuals. Executive function deficits, including those affecting attention, working memory and inhibitory control, are common. Cognitive training has been promoted as a treatment option, based on the notion that by strengthening the neurocognitive networks underlying these executive processes, ADHD symptoms will also be reduced. However, if implemented in childhood or later, when the full disorder has become well-established, cognitive training has only limited value. INTERSTAARS is a trial designed to test a novel approach to intervention, in which cognitive training is implemented early in development, before the emergence of the disorder. The aim of INTERSTAARS is to train early executive skills, thereby increasing resilience and reducing later ADHD symptoms and associated impairment.Methods/designFifty 10–14-month-old infants at familial risk of ADHD will participate in INTERSTAARS. Infants will be randomised to an intervention or a control group. The intervention aims to train early attention skills by using novel eye-tracking technology and gaze-contingent training paradigms. Infants view animated games on a screen and different events take place contingent on where on the screen the infant is looking. Infants allocated to the intervention will receive nine weekly home-based attention training sessions. Control group infants will also receive nine weekly home visits, but instead of viewing the training games during these visits they will view non-gaze-contingent age-appropriate videos. At baseline and post treatment, infant attention control will be assessed using a range of eye-tracking, observational, parent-report and neurophysiological measures. The primary outcome will be a composite of eye-tracking tasks used to assess infant attention skills. Follow-up data will be collected on emerging ADHD symptoms when the infants are 2 and 3 years old.DiscussionThis is the first randomised controlled trial to assess the potential efficacy of cognitive training as a prevention measure for infants at familial risk of ADHD. If successful, INTERSTAARS could offer a promising new approach for developing early interventions for ADHD.Trial registrationInternational Standard Randomised Controlled Trial registry: ISRCTN37683928. Registered on 22 June 2015.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1727-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…In fact, ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed form of psychopathology during the pre-school years (Armstrong & Nettleton, 2004), with onset during early childhood associated with significant long-term health and economic costs (Chorozoglou et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Brain Development Is Evident in Preschoolers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Jacobson

Crocetti

Dirlikov

et al. 2018

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurological disorder with symptom onset early in childhood. Growing evidence suggests anomalous brain development across multiple brain regions is evident in school-aged children; however, few studies have examined whether such differences are notable in the preschool years when symptom onset typically occurs. Methods High resolution anatomical (MPRAGE) images and cognitive and behavioral measures were analyzed in a total of 90 medication-naïve preschoolers, ages 4–5 years (52 with ADHD, 38 controls; 64.4% boys). Results Results revealed reductions in bilateral frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe gray matter volumes in children with ADHD relative to typically developing children, with largest effect sizes noted for right frontal and left temporal lobe volumes. Examining frontal lobe sub-regions, the largest between group effect sizes were evident for left orbitofrontal cortex, left primary motor cortex (M1), and left supplementary motor complex (SMC). ADHD-related reductions in specific sub-regions (left prefrontal, left premotor, left frontal eye field, left M1, and right SMC) were significantly correlated with symptom severity, such that higher ratings of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were associated with reduced cortical volumes. Conclusions These findings represent the first comprehensive examination of cortical volume in preschool children with ADHD, providing evidence that anomalous brain structure in ADHD is evident very early in development. Furthermore, findings set the stage for developing our understanding of the way in which developmental trajectories of anomalous brain development are associated with the unfolding of symptoms in childhood ADHD.

show abstract

Preschool hyperactivity is associated with long‐term economic burden: evidence from a longitudinal health economic analysis of costs incurred across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood

Cited by 66 publications

References 56 publications

Preschool hyperactivity specifically elevates long-term mental health risks more strongly in males than females: a prospective longitudinal study through to young adulthood

Preschool hyperactivity specifically elevates long-term mental health risks more strongly in males than females: a prospective longitudinal study through to young adulthood

Attention training for infants at familial risk of ADHD (INTERSTAARS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Anomalous Brain Development Is Evident in Preschoolers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About