Prescription and nonprescription drug use in isfahan, Iran: An observational, cross-sectional study

Zargarzadeh, Amir H.; Minaeiyan, Mohsen; Torabi, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.curtheres.2008.02.002

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Resistance rates may vary from region to region but in general, isolates from Latin American countries show the lowest susceptibility rates to all antimicrobial agents followed by Asian-Pacific isolates and European strains (10). Unfortunately in Iran, self-medication and self-prescription practices are widespread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately in Iran, self-medication and self-prescription practices are widespread. In a study by Zargarzade et al in Isfahan, about 30% of drugs were dispensed without prescription (10). Sahebi and Vahidi, demonstrated that the highest demand for nonprescription drugs in Tabriz was for analgesics and antibiotics (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some investigators reported that Klebsiella is not a common pathogen in urinary tract infections (14-16), but there are some studies in which Klebsiella was Figure 1. Susceptibility of microorganism to each one of the antimicrobials the second common uropathogen, especially in children (10,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in antibiotic susceptibility of urinary tract infection pathogens

Ghorbani¹,

Ehsanpour²,

Roshanzamir³

et al. 2012

jnp

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Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the third most common infection in human. In a study on 32600 ambulatory patients' urine samples from six laboratories, E. coli, Kelebsiella and Enterobacter were the most common pathogens. E. coli and other isolates were more sensitive to Gentamicin, Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin compared to the other antibiotics tested and therefore these may be the drugs of choice for the empiric treatment of community-acquired UTI in our region. Conclusions: E. coli and other isolates were more sensitive to Gentamicin, Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin compared to the other antibiotics tested and therefore these may be the drugs of choice for the empiric treatment of community-acquired UTI in our region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in antibiotic susceptibility of urinary tract infection pathogens

Ghorbani¹,

Ehsanpour²,

Roshanzamir³

et al. 2012

jnp

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“…The data show a tendency to consume newer medicines both for inpatients and outpatients. Since people rarely use parenteral antibiotics without prescription [5], this irrationality is the fault of clinicians and prescribers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amoxicillin (with and without clavulanic acid) as a broad-spectrum antibacterial was the main drug in this group (19.9 DID). Easy access without prescription in all pharmacies is one of the reasons for high consumption [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of antibiotic consumption in Iran during 2000–2009

Abdollahiasl¹,

Kebriaeezadeh²,

Nikfar³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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Self‐medication misuse in the Middle East: a systematic literature review

Khalifeh

Moore

Salameh

2017

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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Regulations usually distinguish between prescription‐only (POM) and over‐the‐counter (OTC) medicines. The former requires medical prescription; the latter are available for SM of common minor or easily treated ailments. However, in the Eastern Mediterranean countries, theoretical prescription medicines can easily be purchased without a prescription, as self‐medication (SM) resulting in potential misuse and unnecessary risk for patients. The magnitude of this activity is uncertain. The aim of this article, therefore, is to undertake a comprehensive review to identify the different types of medicines that can easily be purchased as SM in Middle East and recognized as misused. An extensive review of the published literature (1990–2015) was conducted using Pubmed, web of science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, for OTC medicine misuse in the Middle East. A total of 72 papers were identified. Medicines involved in misuse included: codeine containing products, topical anesthetics, topical corticosteroids, antimalarial, and antibiotics. Self‐medication misuse of medicines seemed widespread. Individual treatment patterns were not clearly identified. Studies were not standardized, limiting the comparability between studies and the estimation of the scale of misuse. Pharmacists, friends, or parents were found to be the main sources of SMs. Knowledge and attitudes are an important contributing factor in the misuse of these medications. Strategies and interventions to limit misuse were rarely identified in literature. In conclusion, a massive problem involving a range of medicines was found in Middle East. Standardization of studies is a prerequisite to the understanding and prevention of misuse of self‐medication.

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Prescription and nonprescription drug use in isfahan, Iran: An observational, cross-sectional study

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Alterations in antibiotic susceptibility of urinary tract infection pathogens

Alterations in antibiotic susceptibility of urinary tract infection pathogens

Patterns of antibiotic consumption in Iran during 2000–2009

Self‐medication misuse in the Middle East: a systematic literature review

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