Prescription drug monitoring programs in community pharmacy: An exploration of pharmacist time requirements and labor cost

Mapping the research addressing prescription drug monitoring programs: A scoping review

“…Overall, half of the studies involved patients [9,18,22–24,26,27,32,34,36–38,41–43,45,46,48,50,53,54,59,62,63,65,66,71,73,75,77–80,84–86,88,90,93,95,97,98,100,101,104,105,108–110,115–118,121,123,125,130,131,134,140,144,146,147,149,151,152,154–156,158,159,161,163,165,167] and 47% included health‐care providers [11,19,20,25,29,30,33,35,37,39,40,43,44,49,51,54–61,67–69,71,72,74,76,80–83,87,91,93,94,96,102,103,106,111–114,119,120,122,124,125,127,128,130,132,133,136–139,141,143,145,147,148,150,153,157,160,162,165]. Some studies included both patient and provider populations [36, 37, 54, 59, 80, 93, 130, 147, 166].…”

“…Thirty‐nine implementation studies focused on attitudes and use of PDMPs (25%), followed by barriers (18%) and facilitators (14%) to use [11,20,30,37,39,40,49,58,60,65,68,72,74,76,82,87,90,91,93,94,96,100,102,107,113,122–125,128,135–137,139,143,146,159,162]. Fewer studies (7%) addressed PDMP systems and processes integration in the workplace [9,29,31,58,60,86,91,96,143,153,162] as shown in Figure 3.…”

“…The extracted data from the included studies were then classified into main conceptual categories and summarised to align with the scoping review objective and research questions. The data extraction results are presented in Tables S1 and S2 [18–166], Supporting Information.…”

“…Overall, half of the studies involved patients [9,18,[22][23][24]26,27,32,34,[36][37][38][41][42][43]45,46,48 [111][112][113][114]119,120,122,124,125,127,128,130,132,133,[136][137][138][139]141,143,145,147,148,150,153,157,160,162,165]. Some studies included both patient and provider populations [36,37,54,59,…”

“…Figure 5 shows that research gaps were cited in the areas of PDMP effectiveness and PDMP use by health-care professionals accompanied by recommendations for further research in 33 (21%) and 31 studies (20%). Further examination of the unintended consequences of PDMP use, and PDMP characteristics were mentioned in 13 and 12 studies, respectively (8%), followed by barriers to PDMP use and the impact of PDMPs on prescribing behaviours each in 10 studies (7%) [11,37,51,93,103,107,112,121,122,153].…”