"Prescription privileges" vs. psychologists' authority: Psychologists do better without drugs.

Sanua, Victor D.

doi:10.1080/08873267.1995.9986824

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Humanistic psychologists, in particular, tend to eschew the overuse of medications to treat psychological disorders and dispute the value of an exclusively medical model of mental illness (e.g., Newnes, 2004; Sauna, 1995). I have also been among these strongly criticizing this prevailing medical model, lamenting that life's existential problems are increasingly attributed to biological causes and that medications are frequently touted as more effective than psychotherapy— despite lack of evidence for both these widely promoted claims (Friedman, 2002).…”

Section: Psychedelic Research's Implications For Psychological Prescr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Renewal of Psychedelic Research: Implications for Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.

Friedman¹

2006

The Humanistic Psychologist

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A number of medication trials at major U.S. research universities are now, once more, legally exploring psychedelics' vast potential for treating various physical and psychological problems. These studies have been approved based on a medical model that considers psychedelics' effects as primarily biochemical, but some are also addressing wider humanistic and transpersonal implications for research and praxis. These studies may challenge the prevailing medical model of psychopathology that not only reduces humans to just their biology but also has led to widespread medical treatments through formularies that predominantly constrict, rather than enhance, human potential. Psychedelics offer great potential as tools for researching elusive areas within humanistic and transpersonal psychology, as well as powerful ways to facilitate humanistic and transpersonal growth.Psychedelics, a term which means mind-manifesting, was first used in 1956 by Humphry Osmond to define a group of substances with potent psychoactive properties that had previously been called by more pejorative names, such as hallucinogenics (i.e., causing hallucinations) and psychotomimetics (i.e., mimicking psychoses; Williams, 1999). Grinspoon and Bakalar (1979) defined psychedelics as nonaddictive substances that do not cause major physiological or psychological disturbances while reliably producing strong changes in mood, perception, and thought in a fashion similar to what is sometimes found in dreams, memory flashbacks, psychoses, and religious ecstasy. Although the boundary between psychedelics and other substances that may alter consciousness is not always clearly delineated, current consensus broadly includes a number of substances that are

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Section: Psychedelic Research's Implications For Psychological Prescr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Renewal of Psychedelic Research: Implications for Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.

Friedman¹

2006

The Humanistic Psychologist

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“…This becomes all the more unreal when the data available indicates that the general consumer does not want to be medicated as reported by a study financed by A.RA. (Sanua, 1995). Furthermore, an analysis of the literature on the popularity of psychiatrists and psychologists reveals that the latter tend to be quite popular since they tend to be more accessible to discuss family problems.…”

Section: Indicatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It must be stated that in the past, there were a few isolated voices who opposed the "medicalization" of psychology (Sanua, 1994c(Sanua, , 1995. However, in recent months, two major organizations have raised their voices about this trend.…”

Section: Indicatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fallacy of the medical model and the dangers of psychotropic drugs as a mode of treatment for mental disorders

Sanua

1996

J Primary Prevent

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With the decline of psychoanalytic thinking since the 50's and the 60's, mental disorders have been attributed to organic factors. This has been influenced by Social Darwinism, a belief in the survival of the fittest. The implication of such a philosophy is that social intervention is not the appropriate approach for the treatment of mental aberrations. The source of the problem lies within the individual. For example, schizophrenia has been attributed to brain anomalies, chemical imbalances or to the inheritance of genetic factors. To this day, in spite of the research efforts in that direction, the pursuit of these findings were proven to be illusive. Nevertheless, the search continues with a complete neglect of social factors. One problem is that writers disagreeing with this philosophy, find it difficult to publish their dissenting views. Since the source of the problem is within the individual, aberrations should be treated with drugs. However the efficacy of these drugs have not yet been confirmed and instead have been causing a lot of physical problems for patients. It is unfortunate that a number of influential clinical psychologists have adopted the medical model and are trying to obtain by legislation "prescription privileges" for psychologists. The author believes that this trend could be destructive to the profession of psychology, since it will weaken if not destroy the humanistic approach in the treatment of the mentally ill.

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“…Criticism of the medical model continues to this day (Breggin, 1997b; Mosher & Burti, 1994; Sanua, 1996). Psychologists are being urged not to support or join the psychiatric establishment in its reliance on medication (Sanua, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Psychotherapy in emotional crises without resort to psychiatric medications.

Breggin¹

1997

The Humanistic Psychologist

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Mental health professionals are being pressured to rely upon the medical model, including psychiatric diagnosis and medication. But there are many reasons not to turn to psychiatric drugs in emotional crises, including their impact on the brain and mind, and their disempowering effect on the morale of clients and therapists alike. Meanwhile, there are sound, empathic psychotherapy principles for helping clients in severe, acute distress. This article presents the case for therapists relying upon these psychotherapeutic interventions instead of drugs in dealing with emotional crises and emergencies.This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.

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"Prescription privileges" vs. psychologists' authority: Psychologists do better without drugs.

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

The Renewal of Psychedelic Research: Implications for Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.

The Renewal of Psychedelic Research: Implications for Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology.

The fallacy of the medical model and the dangers of psychotropic drugs as a mode of treatment for mental disorders

Psychotherapy in emotional crises without resort to psychiatric medications.

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