Presence and biomagnification of organochlorine pollutants and heavy metals in mammals of doñana national park (Spain), 1982–1983

Hernández, L. M.; González, María José Arroyo; Rico, Ma. C.; Fernández, M. A.; Baluja, G.

doi:10.1080/03601238509372501

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In Spain, DDT concentrations of 0.8 g/g fat basis in otter (Lutra lutra) muscle (Hernandez et al 1985) are similar to our results. In 1986, higher values (18.5 g/g) were reported for otters in Great Britain (Mason et al 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our data reveal that tissues of red foxes living in the provinces of Siena, Pisa, and in the Maremma Natural Park (Grosseto) are moderately contaminated by HCB-and DDT-based pesticides; they contain high PCB levels. This finding is in line with data concerning other European carnivores such as the Arctic fox (Norheim 1978), the polar bear (Norheim et al 1992), and the otter (Hernandez et al 1985;Mason et al 1986). Mean PCB values in the muscle of foxes were approximately 20 ppm (fat basis) near Siena, 40 ppm in the Maremma Natural Park, and 7 ppm near Pisa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Norheim (1978) and Wang-Andersen et al (1993) found similar values in Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) of the Svalbard Islands (12 g/g of PCBs in muscle and 8 g/g in fat). In muscle of L. lutra, PCB values ranging from 1 g/g in Spain (Hernandez et al 1985) to 120 g/g in Sweden (Sandegren et al 1980) have been reported. In muscle of L. canadensis, 0.36 g/g were reported in Alabama (Hill and Lovett 1975), 11.4 g/g in Oregon (Henny et al 1981), and 8.2 g/g in Georgia (Halbrook et al 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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How Can We Use the Red Fox as a Bioindicator of Organochlorines?

Corsolini

Burrini

Focardi

et al. 2000

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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The exposure of red foxes to hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethan (DDT), DDT derivatives, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in central Italy was determined by analyzing muscle and adipose tissue samples from 57 red foxes collected in 1992-1993 in three areas of Tuscany, each characterized by different levels of anthropization. Chemical analysis showed that HCB occurred in low concentrations, ranging from an average of 0.08 microg/g lipid basis in fat of foxes from Pisa, the least agricultural area, to 1.06 microg/g in muscle of those from Grosseto, the least industrialized area. DDTs were calculated as the sum of the op' and pp'DDT isomer concentrations and the DDT derivatives DDE and DDD. The lowest values of DDTs were found in foxes from Pisa, with mean values in muscle of 0.55 microg/g and 0.14 microg/g in fat. In the outskirts of Siena, the corresponding values were 1.16 microg/g and 0.49 microg/g. Higher values were found in the Grosseto area: 4.17 microg/g in muscle and 0.67 microg/g in fat. The most abundant DDT was pp'DDE in all areas, constituting more than half of total DDTs. Mean and standard deviations of PCB concentrations (calculated as the sum of the 31 identified and quantified congeners), were 20.2 microg/g in muscle and 7.2 microg/g in fat of red foxes from the Siena area. Values in the Pisa area were lower (7. 6 microg/g in muscle and 1.8 microg/g in fat), whereas the highest levels were found in the Grosseto area (38 microg/g in muscle and 7. 5 microg/g in fat). PCB fingerprints showed that hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls were the most common congeners, although amounts differed between the three localities and the two tissues considered. As far as PCB composition is concerned, detailed observation revealed that although the three areas highly differed between each other, the most abundant congeners were the 22'344'5' (PCB 138) and 22'44'55' (PCB 153) hexachlorbiphenyls and 22'33'44'5 (PCB 170) and 22'344'55' (PCB 180) heptachlorobiphenyls; these accounted for over 60% of total PCB residues in muscle and fat. Concentrations of the remaining PCB congeners were all lower than 5% of total PCBs, with the exception of octachlorobiphenyl 22'33'44'55' (PCB 194) in fat tissue. Foxes may be suitable biological indicators to detect organochlorine contamination in the environment because of their catholic food habits. This information may be used to select specific bioindicators for assessing the relative level of pollutants in that area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

How Can We Use the Red Fox as a Bioindicator of Organochlorines?

Corsolini

Burrini

Focardi

et al. 2000

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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“…Our data on cadmium occurrence in WB meat fell within the range of published data, i.e., between 0.001 and 0.355 mg kg -1 ww (Medvedev 1999;Rudy 2010;Taggart et al 2011). Compared with the data presented by Hernández et al (1985) regarding wild Spanish fauna, we observed lower levels of cadmium contamination in WB meat (geometric means of 0.07 vs. 0.12 mg kg -1 ww) as well as WB liver (geometric means of 0.067 vs. 0.45 mg kg -1 ww). Our data regarding cadmium in WB liver also differs from data published by Wolkers et al (1994), who reported a median cadmium concentration as high as 2.05 mg kg -1 dry weight (dw) in liver samples of WBs age 1.5-5 years.…”

Section: /2006 For Pigs and Other Farmed Species (European Commissupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The literature dealing with heavy-metal contamination of game meat (Hernández et al 1985;Swiergosz et al 1993;Falandysz 1994;Wolkers et al 1994;Kottferová and Koréneková 1998;Guitart et al 2002;Lord et al 2002;Falandysz et al 2005;Lazarus et al 2008) highlights that heavy metals can reach concentration levels high enough to make some of these products unsafe for human consumption. Wild ungulate populations are increasing throughout Europe (Saez-Royuela and Telleria 1986;DelibesMateos et al 2009;Meriggi et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium in Large Game: A Local-Scale Exposure Assessment for Hunters Consuming Meat and Liver of Wild Boar

Danieli

Serrani

Primi

et al. 2012

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Heavy metals are ubiquitous in soil, water, and air. Their entrance into the food chain is an important environmental issue that entails risks to humans. Several reports indicate that game meat can be an important source of heavy metals, particularly because of the increasing consumption of game meat, mainly by hunters. We performed an exposure assessment of hunters and members of their households, both adults and children, who consumed wild boar (WB) meat and offal. We estimated the amount of cadmium, lead, and chromium in the tissues of WB hunted in six areas within Viterbo Province (Italy) and gathered data on WB meat and offal consumption by conducting specific diet surveys in the same areas. The exposure to cadmium, lead, and chromium was simulated with specifically developed Monte Carlo simulation models. Cadmium and lead levels in WB liver and meat harvested in Viterbo Province (Italy) were similar to or lower than the values reported in other studies. However, some samples contained these metals at levels greater then the EU limits set for domestic animals. The chromium content of meat or liver cannot be evaluated against any regulatory limit, but our results suggest that the amounts of this metal found in WB products may reflect a moderate environmental load. Our survey of the hunter population confirmed that their consumption of WB meat and liver was greater than that of the general Italian population. This level of consumption was comparable with other European studies. Consumption of WB products contributes significantly to cadmium and lead exposure of both adults and children. More specifically, consumption of the WB liver contributed significantly to total cadmium and lead exposure of members of the households of WB hunters. As a general rule, liver consumption should be kept to a minimum, especially for children living in these hunter households. The exposure to chromium estimated for this population of hunters may be considered to be safe. However, a specific and complete assessment of chromium speciation in relevant dietary and environmental situations should be conducted.

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Halogenated Biphenyls

Mukerjee¹

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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Polyhalogenated biphenyls are a family of compounds based on biphenyl as the parent compound. Chlorinated and brominated biphenyls have been manufactured for commercial purposes. There are 209 possible structural congeners of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and for polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) the same number of congeners can exist. A listing of all PCB congeners is given along with their Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry numbers an identifying numbering system are given. PCBs used commercially are complex mixtures consisting of various PCB congeners and isomers. It has been estimated that in the United States a total of 1400 million pounds of PCBs were manufactured of which 150 million pounds were exported, and 3 million pounds were imported. Because of their nonflammability, thermal stability, outstanding dielectric properties, and resistance to chemical reactivity, PCBs have been used extensively as dielectric fluids in liquid‐cooled electric motors, transformers, capacitors; electromagnets, vacuum pumps, gas turbines, hydraulic fluids; heat‐transfer systems; voltage regulators, liquid‐filled cable, fluorescent light ballasts, electronic equipment; as plasticizers in synthetic resins, adhesives, surface coatings, sealants, printing and carbonless coping papers, pesticide extenders, inks, lubricants, and cutting oils. PCBs have also been used in slide mounting medium for oil immersion lens microscopy. Although PCBs are no longer produced and their use has been discontinued in most countries, many old equipment filled with PCBs are still in service today. World wide approximately 800,00 tons of PCBs are still in use. These equipments are the new sources of environmental contamination when PCBs start leaking or when the equipments are disposed of. Commercial production of polybrominated biphenyls in the United States began in 1970 and was discontinued in early 1977. The general population may be exposed to PCBs from a variety of sources, including food, ambient air, occupational settings, and consumer products. The major exposure routes to humans are through food. Accidental oral exposures to PCBs have been reported. In all cases, total PCB levels must be based on specific congener analysis or direct perchlorination rather than in terms of Aroclors because the congener patterns in environmental media and biological tissues usually do not match those in Aroclor fluids unless massive contamination has occurred (typical of spills and some occupational situations). Thus predictive models based on specific congener data must also be utilized. The less chlorinated congeners predominate in air samples from known contaminated areas and in water and wet deposition samples with temperature and the amount of sediment in river and water samples being important covariables. In contrast, the more highly chlorinated isomers with substituents at the 2,4,5 or 2′,4′,5′ positions tend to bioaccumulate in some crop vegetables, game animals, fish, and human tissue samples. PCBs in contaminated soils can be absorbed by plants and vegetables with shallow‐root systems to PCB contamination, although volatilization in this situation is also favored; erosion of such soils will also cause contamination of sediments. The more chlorinated congeners dominate in soils and sediments and the resident biota (cash crops, vegetables, fish, aquatic life). The absolute levels in any situation depend on which of the competing processes dominates. PCB mixtures produce low to moderate acute toxicity in mammalian species, but produce pronounced subacute and chronic toxicity. In contrast, invertebrates exhibit greater acute toxicity to PCBs (LC 50 s<1 mg/L). In addition, as reported for other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs exhibit significant interspecies variability in toxicity. In considering the health effects of PCBs in animals, it is important to consider the isomer and congener composition of the PCBs, potential impurities, the length of exposure, and the species under investigation.

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Presence and biomagnification of organochlorine pollutants and heavy metals in mammals of doñana national park (Spain), 1982–1983

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

How Can We Use the Red Fox as a Bioindicator of Organochlorines?

How Can We Use the Red Fox as a Bioindicator of Organochlorines?

Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium in Large Game: A Local-Scale Exposure Assessment for Hunters Consuming Meat and Liver of Wild Boar

Halogenated Biphenyls

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