Presence and cybersickness in immersive content: Effects of content type, exposure time and gender

Melo, Miguel; Vasconcelos-Raposo, José; Bessa, Maximino

doi:10.1016/j.cag.2017.11.007

Cited by 83 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the present study, women were more susceptible to SS compared to men; however, this difference was only statistically significant for the SSQ nausea subscale. This result is consistent with a wide body of literature (e.g., [19,20,26,55]), but in contrast with other results from modern study using HMDs (e.g., [78][79][80]). In this regard, a previous work [50] used a different method for administrating the SSQ questionnaire compared to the one used in the present study; they obtained a final SSQ score by subtracting a pre-VR experience SSQ score from the post-VR experience SSQ.…”

Section: Users' Sexsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of Individual Factors with Simulator Sickness and Sense of Presence in Virtual Reality mediated by head-mounted displays (HMDs)

Grassini¹,

Laumann²,

Luzi³

2020

Preprint

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Many studies have attempted to understand which individual differences may be related to the symptoms of discomfort during the virtual experience (simulator sickness) and the generally considered positive sense of being inside the simulated scene (sense of presence). Nevertheless, due to the quick technological advancement in the field of virtual reality, most of these studies are now outdated. Advanced technology for virtual reality is commonly mediated by head-mounted displays (HMDs), which aim to increase the sense of the presence of the user, remove stimuli from the external environment, and provide high definition, photo-realistic, three-dimensional images. Our results showed that motion sickness susceptibility and simulator sickness are related and neuroticism may be associated and predict simulator sickness. Furthermore, the results showed that people who are more used to playing video-games are less susceptible to simulator sickness; female participants reported more simulator sickness compared to males (but only for nausea-related symptoms). Female participants also experienced a higher sense of presence compared to males. We suggests that published findings on simulator sickness and the sense of presence in virtual reality environments need to be replicated with the use of modern HMDs.

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Section: Users' Sexsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of Individual Factors with Simulator Sickness and Sense of Presence in Virtual Reality mediated by head-mounted displays (HMDs)

Grassini¹,

Laumann²,

Luzi³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The experiments were very heterogeneous regarding the number of participants tested, ranging from a minimum of 14 (Robert et al, 2016) to a maximum of 234 (Roettl and Terlutter, 2018). With the exception of a few studies (Munafo et al, 2017;Juan et al, 2018;Melo et al, 2018;Al Zayer et al, 2019), the other studies did not report a balance between male and female participants. Such imbalance may undermine the validity of these studies regarding the reported gender differences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overview of these studies, their methodologies, and their findings are reported in Table 1 . Two of the included studies were published in 2016 (Allen et al, 2016 ; Robert et al, 2016 ), three in 2017 (Cárdenas-Delgado et al, 2017 ; Munafo et al, 2017 ; Wilson and Kinsela, 2017 ), eight in 2018 (An et al, 2018 ; Juan et al, 2018 ; Khashe et al, 2018 ; Melo et al, 2018 ; Mousas et al, 2018 ; Rangelova and Marsden, 2018 ; Roettl and Terlutter, 2018 ; Scheibler and Rodrigues, 2018 ), eight in 2019 (Al Zayer et al, 2019 ; Bracq et al, 2019 ; Chang et al, 2019 ; Clifton and Palmisano, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2019 ; Moroz et al, 2019 ; Narciso et al, 2019 ; Shafer et al, 2019 ), and one in 2020 (Curry et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Narciso et al ( 2019 ) reported that males and females may be sensitive to different features of the simulated environment and experience discomfort (nausea) accordingly (females more for two-dimensional [2D] environments, while males for three-dimensional [3D] environments). Seven of the analyzed studies did not report differences in SS and discomfort during VR simulation between male and female participants (experiment 1 in Munafo et al, 2017 ; Wilson and Kinsela, 2017 ; Melo et al, 2018 ; Al Zayer et al, 2019 ; Bracq et al, 2019 ; Clifton and Palmisano, 2019 ). Figure 2 displays the studies that reported increased discomfort between males and females, divided by the type of utilized HMD equipment and categories of VR content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Modern Head-Mounted Displays Sexist? A Systematic Review on Gender Differences in HMD-Mediated Virtual Reality

Grassini

Laumann

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Modern head-mounted displays (HMDs) are a promising technology. Thanks to their affordable cost and versatility, HMDs are gaining attention from different sectors. However, the experience reported by the users of these technologies is sometimes negative. A number of people, when using an HMD, complain of various types of physical discomfort as well as symptoms like headache, disorientation, and nausea. These symptoms, developed during or after exposure to virtual environments, are commonly referred to with the term simulator sickness. Some scientific studies have shown that women are commonly more sensitive to simulator sickness. However, a gender imbalance in the susceptibility to simulator sickness has not been widely studied in the context of modern HMDs, and the studies that have been done have reported heterogeneous findings. The present systematic review aims to gather the pieces of evidence that support and oppose a gender difference in the susceptibility of simulator sickness in the framework of modern HMDs. We also aim to individuate other gender differences in the experience of the use of these technologies to establish whether there is sufficient evidence to support a gender discrepancy in the user experience.

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“…Even though the level of presence is significantly reduced for traditional VFTs when directly compared to a more immersive device, the traditional VFTs might still be attractive to students and provide more educational benefits than conventional classroom instruction without VFTs (Stoddard, ). Further, the VFT modules used in this study provided real‐world 360° panoramic images, creating a greater sense of presence than computer‐synthesized content (Melo, Vasconcelos‐Raposo, & Bessa, ). Hence, the TV might have provided a certain degree of presence even with the use of traditional media (Lee et al , ), which was significantly increased with immersive devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersive virtual field trips in education: A mixed‐methods study on elementary students' presence and perceived learning

Han¹

2019

Brit J Educational Tech

103

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of immersive virtual field trips (VFTs) with head‐mounted displays (HMDs) on the presence and perceived learning. A mixed‐method approach was used to obtain an overall understanding of students' experiences with this immersive technology in an elementary classroom. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 27 elementary‐school students through presence surveys and reflection papers. Statistical analyses were performed to compare immersive VFTs with traditional VFTs regarding students' virtual presence. Further, an inductive content analysis was performed to analyze reflection papers. The results showed an overall enhancement in virtual presence with the use of immersive VFTs. However, students felt that learning was not favorable with HMDs. The result of this study provides practical implications for the use of immersive VFTs in classroom settings.

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Presence and cybersickness in immersive content: Effects of content type, exposure time and gender

Cited by 83 publications

References 28 publications

Association of Individual Factors with Simulator Sickness and Sense of Presence in Virtual Reality mediated by head-mounted displays (HMDs)

Association of Individual Factors with Simulator Sickness and Sense of Presence in Virtual Reality mediated by head-mounted displays (HMDs)

Are Modern Head-Mounted Displays Sexist? A Systematic Review on Gender Differences in HMD-Mediated Virtual Reality

Immersive virtual field trips in education: A mixed‐methods study on elementary students' presence and perceived learning

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