Presence and severity of migraine is associated with development of primary open angle glaucoma: A population-based longitudinal cohort study

Abstract

Purpose To examine the association between the presence and severity of migraine and development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using a nationwide population-based longitudinal cohort data. Methods Data were retrieved from the Korean National Health Insurance Service for 2,716,562 individuals aged ≥ 40 years and assessed for the development of POAG from 2009 through 2018. Subjects were classified into the following 3 groups: healthy control subjects, subjects with mild migraine, and those with severe migraine. Hazard ratios (HR) of glaucoma development were calculated for each group. Subgroup analyses of subjects stratified by age, sex, lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, and body mass index (BMI)), and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). Results During the 9-year follow-up period, the incidence rate of POAG per 1000 person-years was 2.41 and 3.25 in subjects without and with migraine, respectively. Among the migraine group, the incidence rate was 3.14 and 3.89 in mild and severe subgroups, respectively. The HR was 1.355 (95% CI, 1.300–1.412) and 1.188 (95% CI, 1.140–1.239) before and after adjusting for potential confounding factors in the migraine group per se. Regarding the severity of migraine, the adjusted HRs were 1.169 (95% CI, 1.117–1.224) in the mild migraine group, and 1.285 (95% CI, 1.166–1.415) in the severe migraine group compared to the control group. The results were consistent in subgroup analyses after stratifying by age, sex, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Conclusions Migraine is associated with increased risk of POAG development. Furthermore, chronic and severe migraine is associated with greater risk of POAG development.

Relationship between alcohol and primary headaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The 22 included articles [ 26 , 27 , 36 , 44 – 61 , 64 ] came from 10 individual countries, while four papers were international [ 26 , 27 , 44 , 47 ]. The majority of these were from Europe: three from Denmark [ 51 , 60 , 61 ], two from Norway [ 36 , 46 ], four studies conducted in Germany [ 45 , 52 , 55 , 58 ] and single papers the Netherlands [ 59 ] and Italy [ 62 ]. From around the world, one Korean [ 53 ], two Turkish [ 49 , 54 ], one Bangladeshi [ 50 ], two United States of America (USA) [ 48 , 57 ], and one Brazilian [ 56 ] were identified.…”

“…Most studies were performed with migraine cohorts – these made up 19 out of the 22 papers [ 26 , 27 , 36 , 45 – 59 , 65 ]. 11 studies were focused on migraine without any other primary headache [ 44 – 50 , 53 , 56 , 58 , 59 ].…”

“…Most studies were performed with migraine cohorts – these made up 19 out of the 22 papers [ 26 , 27 , 36 , 45 – 59 , 65 ]. 11 studies were focused on migraine without any other primary headache [ 44 – 50 , 53 , 56 , 58 , 59 ]. All migraine studies [ 26 , 27 , 36 , 45 – 59 , 65 ] had a healthy control group without any primary headache.…”

“…11 studies were focused on migraine without any other primary headache [ 44 – 50 , 53 , 56 , 58 , 59 ]. All migraine studies [ 26 , 27 , 36 , 45 – 59 , 65 ] had a healthy control group without any primary headache. We identified 26 327 migraine participants, including 11 280 alcohol drinkers and 15 047 non-drinkers.…”

“… Schramm SH et al [ 58 ] German ICHD-2 Migraine 114 1564 1678 Non-headache 555 3086 3641 Questionnaire Alcohol was assessed by drinking daily and not daily alcohol consumption Tension type headache 11 1587 1598 555 3086 3641 19. Scher AI et al [ 59 ] Netherland IHS Migraine 304 316 620 Non-headache 3235 1900 5135 Questionnaire Alcohol consumption was categorized as 0, < 1, 1 to 3 and + 4 drinks per day 20. Rasmussen BK [ 60 ] Denmark IHS Tension type headache 53 114 167 Non-tension type headache (migraine) 38 81 119 Interview Alcohol intake was recorded as number of drinks (beers.…”