Presence of a Human Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Clone in Captivity Kept Psittacidaes

Marietto-Gonçalves, Guilherme Augusto; Almeida, Silvia Maria de; Rodrigues, Josias

doi:10.2174/1874285801105010072

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…coli (EPEC) pathotypes 7,8,9 . However, the diversity of 18.6% in blue-fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva) 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such bacteria are considered abnormal inhabitants of psittacine birds, so they are viewed by some as pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms in this context 5,6,7 . However, there is controversy about the meaning of the infection in clinically healthy birds, such as whether they are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacterial species for other birds and mammals 7,8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Similaridade genética entre APEC e cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de Guaruba guarouba em um estudo com psitacídeos hígidos de cativeiro

Prioste¹,

Cunha²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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The role of psittacine birds as a reservoir of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is not known but would be helpful in understanding the human -animal interface, since the enteric microbiota of these birds consists of Gram positive bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of APEC in feces of clinically healthy Guaruba guarouba. To do this, we isolated and analyzed E. coli from cloacal fecal samples taken from 87 psittacine birds from six zoologic parks, three commercial breeders and one conservation breeder. Of the 87 birds examined, 46 (52.87%) presented E. coli in feces. The presence of the following eight virulence genes was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR): irp2, iucD, iss, vat, cvi/cva, tsh, astA, and papC, and 29 (63.04%) of 46 E. coli isolates tested were positive at least one of the eight genes studied. The frequency of virulence genes observed in isolates of E. coli were 32.6% (15/46) irp2, 26% (12/46) iucD, 19.5% iss (9/46), 17.4% vat (8/46), 17.4% cvi/cva (8/46), 8.7% tsh (4/46), 4.4% astA (2/46) and 0% papC (0/46). The isolates were grouped in 13 genotypic profiles according to virulence gene combinations, but only 2 isolates were classified as APEC, with the pattern iuc, iss, cvi/cva, irp + and iuc, iss, cvi/cva, irp, tsh, vat +. This study reveals the presence of APEC in clinically healthy captive G. guarouba, suggesting that these psittacine birds may act as reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms. Epidemiological studies are needed to determine the relevance of this species as a reservoir and the implications for conservation of endangered species G. guarouba.Keywords: Escherichia coli. APE. Virulence factors. Psittacine birds. Guaruba guarouba. ResumoO papel dos psitacídeos como reservatório de Escherichia coli patogênicas para aves (APEC) não é conhecido, mas será útil para a compreensão da interface humano-animal, uma vez que a microbiota entérica destas aves é composta por bactérias Gram-positivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença de APEC em fezes de Guaruba guarouba clinicamente saudáveis. Para isso, foram isoladas e analisadas E. coli presentes em fezes cloacais coletadas de 87 psitacídeos, alojados em seis zoológicos, três criatórios comerciais e um criatório conservacionista. Das 87 aves examinadas, 46 (52,87%) apresentaram E. coli nas fezes. A presença de oito genes de virulência foi determinada pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR): irp2, iucD, iss, vat, cvi/cva, tsh, astA

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“…coli (EPEC) pathotypes 7,8,9 . However, the diversity of 18.6% in blue-fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva) 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similaridade genética entre APEC e cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de Guaruba guarouba em um estudo com psitacídeos hígidos de cativeiro

Prioste¹,

Cunha²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…Adicionalmente, Marietto-Gonçalves et al (2011) constataram a presença de cepas de E. coli EPEC, EAEC e STEC em pelo menos um isolado de psitacídeo, demostrando mais uma vez que essas aves podem ser reservatórios de cepas com potencial zoonótico. Outros patotipos de E. coli vêm sendo paulatinamente isolados em psitacídeos, como exemplificados por estudo realizado por Knöbl et al (2011).…”

Section: Escherichia Coliunclassified

Isolamento de Salmonella spp. e Escherichia coli de psittaciformes: relevância em saúde pública

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT:The illegal wildlife trade is widespread among several countries, and Brazil is one of the most frequently involved due to its great territorial extension and large diversity of animal species. Birds are the main target, and among them the Psittaciformes order, which are removed indiscriminately from nature, is one of the most frequently traded due to their intelligence and great communicating skills. However, the conditions in which these birds are captured and maintained in captivity favor several diseases, among them the ones caused by some Enterobacteriaceae. In this family, the most frequently associated bacteria to illnesses and deaths in psittacine are Salmonella and Escherichia coli, which cause salmonellosis and colibacillosis, respectively. Therefore, this study presents a review of the literature concerning these enterobacteria in Psittaciformes, emphasizing the zoonotic potential of these bacteria.KEYWORDS: illegal wildlife trade; zoonosis; public health. RESUMO:O tráfico de animais selvagens consiste numa atividade ilegal exercida em diversas partes do mundo, e o Brasil, em função de sua grande extensão territorial e vasta biodiversidade, é um país bastante atingido por essa prática. O grupo de animais em perigo que mais se destaca é o das aves e, entre elas, as da ordem Psittaciformes. Essas são as mais traficadas por serem consideradas inteligentes e possuidoras de grandes habilidades de comunicação. Por isso, são retiradas indiscriminadamente da natureza. No entanto, as condições em que essas aves são capturadas e mantidas em cativeiro favorecem o aparecimento de diversas enfermidades, entre elas as causadas pelas enterobactérias. As bactérias que mais causam mortes e problemas em psitacídeos são as do gênero Salmonella e Escherichia coli, responsáveis pela salmonelose e pela colibacilose, respectivamente. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre essas enterobactérias em Psittaciformes, ressaltando o potencial zoonótico desses agentes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:tráfico; zoonose; saúde pública. Isolamento de Salmonella

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“…Putative EAEC have been isolated from diarrhoeic dogs in Germany (Breitwieser, 1999). No EAEC strains were found in a study of 24 sick Brazilian parrots (Knoebl et al, 2011), but one EAEC strain was identified from bacterial cultures of cloacal swabs from 86 captive kept psittacine birds in Brazil (Marietto-Goncalves et al, 2011). EAEC have been isolated from dogs and cats and at low levels from poultry manure in Brazil (Puno-Sarmiento et al, 2013;Puno-Sarmiento et al, 2014).…”

Section: Public Health Significance Of Eaec Related To the Handling mentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health risks associated with Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) as a food‐borne pathogen

2015

EFS2

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Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) adhere to tissue culture cells in a stacked-brick pattern mediated by aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF). EAEC strains often produce the heat-stable toxin EAST1, the Shigella enterotoxin (ShET1) and Haemolysin E. EAEC have been associated with cases of diarrhoea in travellers, children and immunocompromised patients and with urinary tract infections. Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing EAEC have been associated with Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome and Haemorrhagic Colitis. EAEC are considered to be adapted to humans. In low-income countries animals may become exposed to EAEC from human waste. Food-related outbreaks of EAEC are frequently suggestive of cross-contamination by asympomatic food handlers. EAEC form biofilms, which has been linked to the severity of disease. The adhesion assay remains the most sensitive option for confirming isolates as EAEC. PCR provides accurate identification of EAEC and diagnosis of EAEC infections, but there is no consensus on a standard assay for the examination of foods. The protocol of the European Union Reference Laboratory for E. coli including Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (EU RL VTEC) is considered a good candidate for the molecular detection of EAEC in food matrices by EU MSs. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can provide data on the population structure of EAEC. Foodborne outbreaks of EAEC exhibiting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have been reported but the origin of the resistance genes has not been fully established. Research needs include: (i) the development and validation of PCR-based methods for detection and quantification of EAEC in foods, and (ii) a standardised and validated multiplex approach to the identification of causal agents of diarrhoeal illnesses involving multiple pathogens. Surveillance needs include: (i) quantification of the possible involvement of EAEC strains in foods originating from low-income countries where sanitation is poor, and (ii) increased surveillance of foods associated with mixed pathogen outbreaks. When investigating foodborne outbreaks, testing for EAEC should be included as routine. Finally, WGS-based approaches for EAEC should be further explored.

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Presence of a Human Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Clone in Captivity Kept Psittacidaes

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Similaridade genética entre APEC e cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de Guaruba guarouba em um estudo com psitacídeos hígidos de cativeiro

Similaridade genética entre APEC e cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de Guaruba guarouba em um estudo com psitacídeos hígidos de cativeiro

Isolamento de Salmonella spp. e Escherichia coli de psittaciformes: relevância em saúde pública

Public health risks associated with Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) as a food‐borne pathogen

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