Presence of Erwinia carotovora in surface water in North America

Harrison, M. D.; Franc, G. D.; Maddox, Dorothy; Michaud, Janet E.; McCarter‐Zorner, Nancy J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1987.tb02690.x

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Dickeya chrysanthemi (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi) is thought to be a part of the indigenous microorganisms on weeds and in sediments in alpine streams in Australia (Cother and Gilbert, 1990). Numerous studies illustrated that Pectobacterium carotovorum (formerly E. carotovora) is present in a wide range of surface and underground waters including those used in irrigation (McCarter-Zorner et al, 1984;Harrison et al, 1987). Franc (1988) further revealed that this bacterium was present in at least 80% of samples of ocean water and rainwater collected on the west coast of the United States and in samples of aerosols along the coast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

et al. 2008

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Pseudomonas syringae is a plant pathogen well known for its capacity to grow epiphytically on diverse plants and for its ice-nucleation activity. The ensemble of its known biology and ecology led us to postulate that this bacterium is also present in non-agricultural habitats, particularly those associated with water. Here, we report the abundance of P. syringae in rain, snow, alpine streams and lakes and in wild plants, in addition to the previously reported abundance in epilithic biofilms. Each of these substrates harbored strains that corresponded to P. syringae in terms of biochemical traits, pathogenicity and pathogenicity-related factors and that were ice-nucleation active. Phylogenetic comparisons of sequences of four housekeeping genes of the non-agricultural strains with strains of P. syringae from disease epidemics confirmed their identity as P. syringae. Moreover, strains belonging to the same clonal lineage were isolated from snow, irrigation water and a diseased crop plant. Our data suggest that the different substrates harboring P. syringae modify the structure of the associated populations. Here, we propose a comprehensive life cycle for P. syringae-in agricultural and non-agricultural habitats-driven by the environmental cycle of water. This cycle opens the opportunity to evaluate the importance of non-agricultural habitats in the evolution of a plant pathogen and the emergence of virulence. The ice-nucleation activity of all strains from snow, unlike from other substrates, strongly suggests that P. syringae plays an active role in the water cycle as an ice nucleus in clouds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

et al. 2008

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“…It is a ubiquitous pathogen that survives in soil, surface and ground water, and it has been associated with a variety of invertebrates [1], [2], [3], [4]. P. carotovorum attacks plant tissue by secreting an array of plant cell wall degrading enzymes through the type II secretion system [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Type III Secreted Effector DspE Is Required Early in Solanum tuberosum Leaf Infection by Pectobacterium carotovorum to Cause Cell Death, and Requires Wx(3–6)D/E Motifs

et al. 2013

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Pectobacterium species are enterobacterial plant-pathogens that cause soft rot disease in diverse plant species. Unlike hemi-biotrophic plant pathogenic bacteria, the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (P. carotovorum) appears to secrete only one effector protein, DspE. Previously, we found that the T3SS regulator HrpL and the effector DspE are required for P. carotovorum pathogenesis on leaves. Here, we identified genes up-regulated by HrpL, visualized expression of dspE in leaves, and established that DspE causes host cell death. DspE required its full length and WxxxE-like motifs, which are characteristic of the AvrE-family effectors, for host cell death. We also examined expression in plant leaves and showed that hrpL is required for the expression of dspE and hrpN, and that the loss of a functional T3SS had unexpected effects on expression of other genes during leaf infection. These data support a model where P. carotovorum uses the T3SS early in leaf infection to initiate pathogenesis through elicitation of DspE-mediated host cell death.

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“…Both pathogens can easily be detected in diseased plant tissue. They can also be found as contaminants of healthy-looking plants and tubers as well as free-living in surface waters (Harrison et al, 1987;Pkrombelon & Hyman, 1987;Persson & Hegart, 1990). E.c.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid analysis for the identification of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora¹

Persson

Sletten

1995

EPPO Bulletin

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The pectolytic bacteria Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora were analysed by fatty acid profiling, using a gas chromatograph and a commercial software package for data processing. A fatty acid library was built from the analysis of 261 strains of the two bacteria from different sources and countries. Independently of source or geographical origin, 98% of the E.c. atroseptica strains and 97% of the E.c. carotovora strains were correctly identified. Analysis in two separate laboratories of identical strains gave highly reproducible results. Fatty acid profiling is a rapid, reliable and reproducible method for the identification and differentiation of these bacteria.

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Presence of Erwinia carotovora in surface water in North America

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

The Type III Secreted Effector DspE Is Required Early in Solanum tuberosum Leaf Infection by Pectobacterium carotovorum to Cause Cell Death, and Requires Wx(3–6)D/E Motifs

Fatty acid analysis for the identification of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora¹

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Presence of Erwinia carotovora in surface water in North America

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

The Type III Secreted Effector DspE Is Required Early in Solanum tuberosum Leaf Infection by Pectobacterium carotovorum to Cause Cell Death, and Requires Wx(3–6)D/E Motifs

Fatty acid analysis for the identification of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora1

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Fatty acid analysis for the identification of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora¹