Presence of <i>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</i> (Phylotype I) in Aquatic Environments in the Netherlands

Vogelaar, Martijn; Bilt, Jeroen van de; Blom, Nathalie; Pel, Chiel; Doorn, Bo van; Landman, Marco; Gorkink, Peggy; Raaymakers, Tom; Vreeburg, Robert A. M.; Bergsma-Vlami, M.

doi:10.1094/pdis-11-22-2628-sc

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A study by French et al ( 70 ) found that in a river environment, urban development and farming had significant impacts on the virus community present in the water. In our study, the influence of land usage and terrestrial water input may explain the detection of phages associated with prokaryotic hosts that cause plant diseases such as the Ralstonia phage, which was identified in high abundance at Cox’s Bazar ( 71 ). Furthermore, anthropogenic water inputs to a marine environment typically add nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which are often thought of as limiting nutrients for photosynthetic organisms in the photic zone ( 72 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of large and cell-associated viruses in the Bay of Bengal

Minch,

Akter,

Weinheimer

et al. 2023

mSphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is the world’s largest bay, offering essential services like fishing and recreation while holding significant economic value for coastal communities. However, the BoB faces environmental challenges from monsoons, freshwater inputs, rising sea levels, and intensified cyclones due to climate change. Human activities such as tourism and development also impact the region, necessitating a global change perspective. Despite its importance, microbial diversity and ecology in the BoB remain largely unexplored. We focused on large and cell-associated viruses (i.e., originating from the cellular size fraction), particularly giant viruses and large phages in two BoB coastal sites: Cox’s Bazar, a populated beach with freshwater influences, and Saint Martin Island, a less affected resort island. Metagenomic sequencing reveals a higher abundance and diversity of viruses in Cox’s Bazar and presence of viruses that suggest freshwater intrusion and runoff. We identified 1962 putative phage genomes (10–655 kbp). Notably, 16 “large” phages >100 kbp were found in Saint Martin, and a terminase large subunit marker gene phylogeny revealed substantial diversity of large phages along the BoB coast. The BoB virome encodes diverse functionalities, with a greater presence of auxiliary metabolic genes in the Cox’s Bazar viral community. Additionally, five giant virus genomes (phylum Nucleocytoviricota) encoding various functionalities are reconstructed from Cox’s Bazar (83–876 kbp). This pioneering study revealing the viral diversity and host interactions in coastal BoB lays the foundation for future investigations into viral impact on biogeochemical cycles and the microbial food web in this understudied environment. IMPORTANCE The BoB, the world’s largest bay, is of significant economic importance to surrounding countries, particularly Bangladesh, which heavily relies on its coastal resources. Concurrently, the BoB holds substantial ecological relevance due to the region’s high vulnerability to climate change-induced impacts. Yet, our understanding of the BoB’s microbiome in relation to marine food web and biogeochemical cycling remains limited. Particularly, there are little or no data on the viral diversity and host association in the BoB. We examined the viral community in two distinct BoB coastal regions to reveal a multitude of viral species interacting with a wide range of microbial hosts, some of which play key roles in coastal biogeochemical cycling or potential pathogens. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the BoB coast harbors a diverse community of large and giant viruses, underscoring the importance of investigating understudied environments to discover novel viral lineages with complex metabolic capacities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of large and cell-associated viruses in the Bay of Bengal

Minch,

Akter,

Weinheimer

et al. 2023

mSphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although R. solanacearum phy II is already present in surface water in certain areas in the Netherlands, it could be introduced in waterways where it is not yet present, thereby forming a risk for crops grown near these waterways. Recently, indications for a similar occurrence for phylotype I were found (Vogelaar et al, 2023). R. pseudosolanacearum phy I, posing a potential threat to potato production (Overeem et al, 2023), has recently been found in surface water in the Netherlands at a restricted number of locations, and sequence analysis showed that the R. pseudosolanacearum phy I isolates found in surface water and bittersweet are closely related to the R. pseudosolanacearum phy I isolates that were found in rose before (Vogelaar et al, 2023), suggesting a potential link between the two.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Ralstonia solanacearum (phylotype II) isolated from Rosa spp. in the Netherlands is closely related to phylotype II isolates from other sources in the Netherlands and is virulent on potato

Blom,

Gorkink-Smits,

Landman

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2018, during an annual survey in the Netherlands, Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II (phy II) was found in asymptomatic greenhouse rose plants at three geographic locations. These findings were remarkable, since previous findings of Ralstonia sp. in rose always concerned Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum phylotype I (phy I). Therefore, no information was available on the virulence of R. solanacearum phy II on rose. In this study, R. solanacearum phy II isolates PD 7421 and PD 7394, isolated in 2018 from asymptomatic ornamental rose (Rosa spp.), were assessed for their virulence in two rose cultivars (“Armando” and “Red Naomi”) at two temperatures. No typical symptoms were observed for PD 7421 and PD 7394 on the two rose cultivars, irrespective of the temperature. However, latent infections upon inoculation of these isolates on rose did occur. R. solanacearum phy II is known as a major potato pathogen, where it causes brown rot. Whole genome multilocus sequence typing analysis demonstrated that the R. solanacearum phy II isolates from rose were closely related to R. solanacearum phy II isolates previously found in seed potato and surface water in the Netherlands. Because of this close genetic relatedness, the virulence of PD 7421 and PD 7394 was also assessed in potato plants, where both isolates caused severe disease symptoms on the shoots as well as the daughter tubers. This implies that rose can act as a reservoir for R. solanacearum phy II and, in this way, can potentially be involved in spreading this bacterium.

show abstract

“…Ralstonia phage was also uniquely dominant in Cox's Bazar and suggest runoff input into this site since the bacteria of the genera Ralstonia are usually found in freshwater and soil environments often as pathogens for crops. The presence of this phage species could be indicative of runoff and freshwater inputs near the BoB (Vogelaar et al, 2023). Cyanophages were also found in much higher abundance at Cox's Bazar, but it is unclear how this enrichment relates to terrestrial proximity compared to Saint Martin since cyanophages are present in both freshwater and marine habitats (Xia et al, 2013).…”

Section: Diversity Abundance and Functional Potential Of Prokaryotic ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of large and cell-associated viruses in the Bay of Bengal

Minch

Akter

Weinheimer

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Bay of Bengal (BoB), the largest bay in the world, provides valuable ecosystem services such as fishing and recreation to millions of people living along its coast and has a significant economic value. The BoB is impacted by various environmental factors such as seasonal monsoons and multiple freshwater inputs, and this region is particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise and increased frequency of devastating cyclones that are predicted to be exacerbated due to global climate change. These factors are also compounded by anthropogenic influences from tourism and development, making it an important ecosystem to understand and study from a global change perspective. Despite its importance, microbial diversity and ecology have remained largely understudied in this region. In this study, we describe the diversity and putative functional importance of large and cell-associated (that is, originating from the cellular size fraction) viruses from two coastal sites in the BoB, with an emphasis on giant viruses and large phages. Sites chosen for this study include Cox's Bazar, a populated beach with multiple freshwater inputs, and Saint Martin Island, a resort island that has considerably less human influence compared to Cox's Bazar. Through metagenomic sequencing, we were able to identify a more abundant and more diverse viral community at Cox's Bazar consisting of many viruses that are indicators of freshwater intrusion and runoff. Overall, 1962 putative phage genome bins were obtained ranging from 10 - 655 kilobase pairs (kbp) in sizes. Of these genomes, 16 from Saint Martin were found to be larger than 100kbp which we deemed "large" phages, and we were able to reconstruct a phylogeny of these large phages using the TerL gene as a marker. This phylogeny revealed clades enriched in large phages and a high diversity of large phage candidates in the Bay of Bengal coast. Protein annotation analysis showed a wide variety of functionality from both sites with more auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) found in the Cox's Bazar viral community. Five giant virus (Phylum Nucleocytoviricota) genomes were also reconstructed from Cox's Bazar and identified as belonging to the orders Imitervirales and Pandoravirales. These genomes ranged from 83 - 876 kbp in size and contained a wide range of encoded functionalities. To the best of our knowledge, our study represents the first insights on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of viruses in the Bay of Bengal. These results thus provide an important foundation for further studies on the impact of host-virus interactions on biogeochemical cycles and microbial food web in this understudied marine environment.

show abstract

Presence of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Phylotype I) in Aquatic Environments in the Netherlands

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of large and cell-associated viruses in the Bay of Bengal

Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of large and cell-associated viruses in the Bay of Bengal

Ralstonia solanacearum (phylotype II) isolated from Rosa spp. in the Netherlands is closely related to phylotype II isolates from other sources in the Netherlands and is virulent on potato

Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of large and cell-associated viruses in the Bay of Bengal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About